Bladder Cancer

Anatomy of the bladder
2. Blood Supply
3. Histology
Sign and symptoms
1. Lower back pain on one side
2. Loss of appetite and weight loss
3. Being unable to urinate
4. Swelling in the feet
5. Hematuria
  1. Etiology
    1. Urologic
      1. Urolithiasis
    2. Nephrological
      1. GN, SLE
    3. Hematological
      1. DIC
    4. Miscellaneous
      1. Exercise
  2. Diagnosis depends on
    1. History
    2. Description
Renal & UT Benign tumors
1. Benign cortical adenoma
2. Angiomyolipoma
Renal & UT malignant tumors
1. Renal cell carcinoma
  1. Clear
  2. Chromophobe
2. Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s)
  1. Blastema /stroma/ epthelial elements
3. Transitional cell carcinoma
Staging
Risk Factors
1. Personal or family history of cancer
2. Chronic bladder inflammation
3. Exposure to certain chemicals
4. Increasing age
5. Smoking
Investigations
1. Cytology
2. Culture sensitivity test
3. Prostate specific antigen
4. Imaging
  1. IVP
  2. Isotopic Bone Scan
Schistosomiasis
Management
1. Superficial
  1. Endoscopic removal
2. Invasive disease
  1. Cystectomy + Chemotherapy
3. Metastatic disease
  1. Curative or palliative chemotherapy
4. urinary diversion surgery
Factors Affecting the prognosis
1. The stage
  1. The size
2. The type
3. age and general health.
Epidemiology

Resumo de Recurso

	Criado por eslam ebrahim mais de 6 anos atrás