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13808122
Locomotion 1: Form and Locomotion through Ontogeny
Descrição
Development of form and locomotion through the process of ontogeny.
Sem etiquetas
locomotion
ontogeny
marine biology
mbio222 ecophysiology of marine animals
Mapa Mental por
Connor Joesbury
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Connor Joesbury
aproximadamente 6 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Locomotion 1: Form and Locomotion through Ontogeny
Reynolds Number and Body size
The ratio of the density of a medium in relation to 1) inertia 2) Fluid Viscosity
Low Reynolds Number is a dominance in viscosity making the animal limited by the presence of drag
As the Reynolds Number increases the forces within the water alter to more turbulent flow
Importance in Streamlining of organisms
Organism experience Laminar Flow at Low RN
Reynolds number also includes factors such as the speed the organism is travelling and the overall size of an organism
As speed increases so does the RN = Inertia Dominance
As size increases so does Reynolds Number
Drag vs Inertia
This switch occurs around 2000-2500 RN
Swimming with Paddles
Williams (1994) looked at the ontogeny of Artemia as the animal grows
Artemia go through gradual but dramatic changes throughout their lifecycles
As the animal grows it adds segments to its body (extra swimming legs)
In Late development the Artemia have 11 Trunk limbs to help glide
As the Artemia grew they were within a drag dominated lifestyle
This then changed to a more inertia based lifestyle
Developed Trunk limbs which allowed it to glide through the water (using inertia)
Arms started to beat in a metachronal rhythm
Jet Propulsion (plasticity)
Feitl et al (2009) looked at how morphology of Aurelia aurita changed throughout lifecycle
Shows a very different shape to the common bell shape early on (star shaped)
In early stages organism is dominated by drag, Reynolds Number change exponentially with as it grows (inertia)
this star shape has dead zones between Lappets where no water flows, drag is filling these areas
Cleverly utilizing the forces of drag before the structure becomes ineffective
Nawroth et al (2010) Looked at how density of water at different temperatures affected devlopment of lappets
2 different temperatures were experimented 13 degree and 21
At high temperatures the bell shape was filled out more - coped with high temp through morphological plasticity
When brought up in 13 degree water and placed in higher temp water, They showed a lower efficiency in swimming
Negatively altered their plasticity
Cilial Vs. Muscular driven movement
Stokes (1997) looked at how the morphology of the Lancelet changed over time
Small larvae were dominated by drag, with these showing mainly cilial based movements (Vicous flow)
Later stages have higher Reynolds numbers and swim using an undulating motion
See a change in the level of musculature = larger dominance in musculature for muscular based swimming
pre-metamorphoses organisms experienced intermediate RN and intermediate viscosity levels
in the transitional phase choose to hover and not to swm
Why??
Possibly too costly to use muscles to swim
So as to not highlight to predators where they are
Better for filter feeding?
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