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140082
Geology pt.2
Descrição
Geology Mapa Mental sobre Geology pt.2, criado por emjaza em 27-06-2013.
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geology
geology
Mapa Mental por
emjaza
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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emjaza
aproximadamente 11 anos atrás
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Geology pt.2
Fossils
Remains
Rare- soft parts of an organism
Original hard parts- bones, shells
Petrified wood and bones
Remains changed to stone
Each cell replaced by stone
Impressions
Hard part dissolves
Leaves impression in surrounding rock
Traces
Preserved footprints
Random
Classified like animals and plants
Harder to find on land
Less sediment deposited
Less disturbance
P&A decompose quick with air
Decomposition rate slows when buried
Preserved naturally in the crust
Dating- relies on Zone/Index fossils
Metamorphic Rocks
Originally Igneous/Sedimentary
Changed- Pressure & Heat
Rocks at surface covered with sediments=Pressure
Earth's movement= flatten, twist, stretch rocks
Heat&Pressure= crystals grow, new minerals form, gases released
Folding&Faulting= twist and squeeze, change
crust moves= strain=cracks
Joint- no movement along crack
Fault- crack with movement
Fold- Yield to strain
Contact Metamorphism- locally melted, direct contact with hot igneous rock
Regional Matemorphism- buried deep=H&P,
Limestone=Marble
Siltstone=Slate
Rock Cycle
Endless process
Mixing and Reusing Earth's rocks
Metamorphic/Igneous both can melt=Magma
Igneous/Sedimentary can both be Metamorphic
Daily Use
Tools, shelter, fuel, transport, recreation materials
Evolutionary advantage in hunting, defence, food prep to mankind
WA dependant on rocks/mining
Either finite or non-renewable resources
Classifications
Petroleum (Natural gas&oil)
Fossil Fuels, oil, gas
decomposed P&A remains compressed,extreme pressure
Extracted from ground
shipped/piped to refineries
physically & chemically changed
Distillation- separates heavy and light into groups called fractions of hydrocarbons
fuel oil- heating- car diesel
naphtha- gasoline
butane- cigarette lighters
propane- bottled gas
Ethane- component of natural gas
Petrochemical plant- made into substances
Xylene Propylene Benzene Ethylene Toluene
Processed into well-known materials (polyethylene, nylon etc)
Hand lotion, shampoo, hair colouring, lipstick, perfume, nail polish, mobile phones
Metallic Minerals
are ores used to make metals
opaque
good conductors of electricity
Shiny
Platinum, silver, mercury, titanium, cobalt, gold, zinc
Not found pure, mixed
Alloy- 2+ metals combined
Brass-Copper, zinc Bronze, Copper, zinc, tin
Non-Metallic
Translucent
form as crystals
asbestos, quartz, talc, sulphur
ceramic & chemical industries
Roads & Buildings
Rock-forming minerals
Major building materials of the Earth
Largely silicates (contains silicon & oxygen)
Silicon- non-metallic, always mixed, 2nd main element after oxygen in Earth's crust
large families of micas, garnets etc.
Metallic, non-metallic, rock-forming, petroleum/plastic, coal
Toothpaste
silica is abrasive, to clean
Fluoride, from Fluorite makes teeth strong
Titanium, makes white, in white paint
Mica to make it sparkle
Plastics(Petroleum cont.)
Strong=waste problem
Research
Biodegradable
Photodegradable= degrades by sunlight
made from plants= decomposes to compost
Made from hydrocarbons
Want to reduce polymer chain= lose strength-brittle-degrade into co2/h2o
Biodegradable-expensive
Carseeonigetic-causes cancer when burnt
Coal
millions of years
remains of living things
found in layers/seams under Earth's surface
heating/ production of steel
ingredient in pencils, paint, plastics
Peat-Lignite-Coal
Removal of resources
Exploration
searching for something you want to find
geologist
process of finding areas where minerals can be found
Aerial methods
Geomagnetic
gravity
Electromagnetic surveys
On-site
Seismic surveys
geochemical surveys
satellite images
Mining
Removal of the resource from the ground
WA dependant
oil and gas= drilling
Enrichment
concentration of the resource
sometimes removing materials which aren't needed
Extraction
the process of removing the material from the ground
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