Psych Unit 2 Personality

Definitions
1. Personality: an individuals unique and relatively consistent group of characteristics that determine patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors when alone and with others
2. Character: one aspect of your personality on which others judge you as being right or wrong as an individual and a social being
3. Temperament: our tendency to emotionally respond to people or events. Is observable at birth and is assumed by some psychologists to be inherited
4. Mood: an emotional state that colors our perceptions of the world and influences the way in which we interact with others
5. Psychological Theory: an approach to describing and explaining the origins and development of personality, focusing on how people are similar, how they differ and why every individual is unique
  1. Side note*: each theory is developed to attempt to understand, explain and interpret the complicated patterns of people's thoughts feelings and behaviours
Theories of Personality
1. Psychodynamic Theories
  1. ICEBERG THEORY
    1. Freud believed there were 3 dimensions that make up someones behaviour
      1. Conscious
        Images, thoughts and feelings being experienced right now
      2. Preconscious
        Memories and sensations that can easily be brought into conscious at any moment
      3. Unconscious
        Desires, impulses and wishes that would cause considerable anxiety if allowed into consciousness
        The unconscious level of the mind is thought to be the most important in determining behavior because this consists of our desires, wishes and impulses which is important because this is what we are always striving to achieve
  2. Structure of Personality
    1. Three interrelating systems of personality that help explain the reasoning behind the huge diversity of human behaviour
      1. Id
        Operating Principle - the pleasure principle
        Description: removed from reality, not concerned with right and wrong, present from birth, primal instincts and basic needs.
        Thanatos: instincts that potentially cause death such as aggression
        Eros: Instincts that help to preserve life such as hunger thirst and sex
        What it Wants: hunger, thirst, sleep and sex
      2. Ego
        Description: Reason and self control, making Id's wants socially acceptable
        Operating Principle: the reality principle
        What it Wants: to deal with Superego and Id's demands
      3. Superego
        Description: Quest for perfection, moralitistic and idealistic, antonym of Id
        Operating Principle: the moral principle (right and wrong)
        What it Wants: for you to make the moral decision/right choice
      4. Defense Mechanisms
        Unconscious psychological response in which the ego defends and protects itself against anxiety arising from psychological conflicts
        Examples
        Denial: refusing to believe whatever it is that would cause anxiety
        Repression: preventing unacceptable thoughts and feelings from entering conscious awareness, therefor preventing anxiety
        Reaction-formation: thinking, feeling and behaving in a manner that is opposite to how you really think, feel and behave
2. Psychosexual Development
  1. Erogenous Zone
    1. The area of the body where pleasure is obtained
  2. Stages of Development
    1. Oral Stage: Birth to 2 years
      1. Description:Pleasure centred around the mouth and sucking, biting and chewing
      2. Conflict about the role of the mouth
        Fixations
        Oral Receptive: Preoccupied with eating,drinking and the mouth. Passive, needy and sensitive to rejection. Swallow other peoples ideas
        Oral Aggresive: Hostile and verbally abusive to others, using mouth-based aggression
      3. Anal Stage: 2-3 years
        Description: Pleasure centred around the anus and passing stools
        Conflict about toilet training
        Fixations

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Psych Unit 2 Personality

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	Criado por alexandra.carr aproximadamente 10 anos atrás