A - Activating Experience
(cause of upset)
B - Beliefs and thoughts
(response to the upset)
C - Consequences
(results of irrational thought)
D - Disputing
(irrational thought logically examined)
E - Effect
(restructuring beliefs to be rational)
Meta
analysis
by Engels
effective therapies score 0.8+
RET scored 1.62
lack of information
misperceptions
irrational beliefs
demand
is a
threat to
wellbeing
don't have the
resources to
meet demand
STRESS <-
BEHAVIOURAL
McGrath (1990)
Systematic Desensitisation
Facing the fear
Anotações:
1) construct a hierarchy of feared situations
2) train the patient in relaxation techniques; deep breathing, muscle relaxation, and visualisation
3) introduce patient to each situation, from least feared to most feared.
Lucy
Anotações:
9 year old girl, under average IQ, fear of sudden loud noises. Not depressed or anxious.
10 therapy sessions
Parental consent
1) Hierarchy
balloons
party poppers
cap guns
2) Training
visualisation
Anotações:
at home on bed with toys
deep breathing
3) Confrontation
Anotações:
Had a 'fear thermometer'
Could measure fear from 1 to 10
introduced to balloons
Anotações:
First session: didn't want balloon burst at end of corridor
Fifth session: Lucy could pop a balloon herself
7/10 to 3/10
introduced to party poppers
Anotações:
Beginning: didn't allow them in consulting room
End: Lucy could use a popper if therapist held it.
9/10 to 3/10
introduced to cap guns
Anotações:
Agreed to have one fired in consulting room
8/10 to 5/10
Classical conditioning
Fear (stress) learnt
by associating a
situation with an
unpleasant event
desensitisation:
pairing feared
situation with
something neutral or
pleasant
SOCIAL
Waxler-Morrison (1993)
how social
relationships affect
a woman's reaction
to breast cancer
and her survival
133 women with
breast cancer
Anotações:
All under 55 (pre-menopausal)
Vancouver, Canada
Confirmed cancer
-> QUASI <-
Questionnaires,
interviews,
medical records
Anotações:
Checked medical files for cancer diagnosis JUNE 1980
Checked survival and recurrence JANUARY 1985
responsibilites
support network
marital status
home life
MORE support = BETTER survival
Anotações:
factors affecting survival;
marital status,
support and contact from friends,
total support,
social network,
employment
survival also
dependent on
cancer stage
Stroebe (2000)
Emotional support
(empathy, care, love)
Instrumental support
(direct help, taking
responsibilty)
Informational support
(routes to helpful knowledge)