1799424
Descrição
Mapa Mental por scarlettrosiex, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por scarlettrosiex
mais de 9 anos atrás
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Explanations of Attachment
- Learning theory
- All behaviour is learned
- Classical conditioning- Food produces
pleasure. The feeder (mother)is associated
with food and so also produces pleasure.
- Operant conditioning- Food is a
primary reinforcer, so the feeder
becomes a secondary reinforcer.
- Classical conditioning- Food produces
pleasure. The feeder (mother)is associated
with food and so also produces pleasure.
- Strengths
- In the Efe tribe, the child would
sleep with the mother but be
cared for and fed by oter women.
However, the primary attachment
was still usually the mother.
- We learn through conditioning, however
food is not the only factor; attention and
responsiveness are also important.
- In the Efe tribe, the child would
sleep with the mother but be
cared for and fed by oter women.
However, the primary attachment
was still usually the mother.
- Limitations
- Harlow showed that food is less important when
forming attachments than contact comfort.
- Schaffer and Emerson found that infants were not
necessarily attached to the adult that fed them.
- Harlow showed that food is less important when
forming attachments than contact comfort.
- All behaviour is learned
- Evolutionary
theory (Bowlby)
- Attachment is adaptive and
innate- related to imprinting.
- Strengths
- Lorenz found that imprinting
is innate because the goslings
imprinted on the first moving
object they saw, e.g. the goose
or Lorenz himself.
- Hodges and Tizard proved there is a
sensitive period as they found once this
stage has passed children found it harder to
form attachment with peers.
- Schaffer and Emerson found that infants had multiple
attachments (hierarchy) , but only one primary attachment
figure (monotropy).
- Schaffer and Emerson found that strongly attached
infants had mothers who responded quickly to their
demands and offered their child the most interaction.
- The Minnesota Longitudinal
study has followed
participants from infancy to
adolescence and has found
continuity between early
attachment and later
emotional behaviour,
supporting the continuity
hypothesis.
- Lorenz found that imprinting
is innate because the goslings
imprinted on the first moving
object they saw, e.g. the goose
or Lorenz himself.
- Limitations
- Rutter found that all attachment figures are equally important.
- Grossman and Grossman alluded to the
concept that fathers play a key role in social
development.
- The temperament hypothesis contradicts the continuity hypothesis. It suggests
that certain personality or temperamental characteristics in the infant can
shape a mothers responsiveness.
- Rutter found that all attachment figures are equally important.
- Strengths
- Attachment is adaptive and
innate- related to imprinting.
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