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1852653
Physics P2
Descrição
Mapa Mental sobre Physics P2, criado por Phoebe Drew em 10-01-2015.
Sem etiquetas
aqa
gcse physics
p2
a level
Mapa Mental por
Phoebe Drew
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Phoebe Drew
quase 10 anos atrás
213
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Resumo de Recurso
Physics P2
Motion
Distance- Time Graphs
Gradient represents speed
Steeper the line the greater the speed
Speed= Distance/ Time
Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity- Speed in a direction
Acceleration- Change in speed per second
Acceleration= (Final Velocity- Initial Velocity)/ time
Velocity- Time Graphs
Horizontal Line- No acceleration
Gradient represents acceleration
Area under line represents distance travvelled
Using Graphs
Forces
Forces Between Objects
Measured in Newtons
Exert equal and opposite forces on eachother
Forces change shape and motion of an object
Resultant Forces
Simplified force of all the forces acting on an object
Acceleration shows resultant force must be acting on object
Force and Acceleration
Bigger the resultant force, greater the acceleration
Force= Mass x Acceleration
On the Road
Friction and air resistance opposes driving
Stopping Distance= Thinking Distance+ Breaking Distance
Falling Objects
Mass is the amount of matter, but weight is gravity acting on the mass
Weight= Mass x Gravitational Potential Energy
Terminal Velocity- Velocity when weight equals drag
Stretching and Squashing
Extension of a spring is difference between original length and extended length
Extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied
Force and Speed Issues
Improve fuel economy by reducing speed or wind resistance
Speed cameras in pairs to average speed
Anti-skid surfaces increase friction
Work, Energy and Momentum
Energy and Work
Work is done when force causes object to move
Work Done= Force x Distance Moved
Gravitational Potential Energy
Depends on weight and height from the ground
GPE= Mass x Gravitational Field Strength x Change in Height
Kinetic Energy
Depends on mass and speed
KE= 0.5 x mass x velocity (squared)
Elastic Potential Energy stored in elastic object when work is done
Momentum
Momentum (p)= Mass x Velocity
kgm/s
Momentum is conserved when objects interact
Explosions
Objects move apart with different speeds if unequal masses
Move with equal but opposite momentum so total is 0
Impact Forces
Impact depends on mass change in velocity and duration of impact
Exert equal and opposite forces on eachother
Total momentum unchanged
Car Safety
Seat belts and air bags spread force
Crumple zones increase impact time
Conservation of momentum used to calculate cars mass
Current Electricity
Electrical Charges
Some insulating materials become charged when rubbed
Electrons are transferred causing a charge
Like charges repel
Electric Circuits
Current= Charge (Q)/ Time
Every component has own symbol
Resistance
Volts= Work Done/ Charge
Volts= Energy/ Charge
Resistance= Volts/ Current
Ohm's Law- Current through resistor is directly proportional voltage
Potential Difference Graphs
Series Circuits
Current same at each component
Pd used up. Add all pd values to find total
Add resistance to find total
Parallel Circuits
Current splits between branches depending on resistance
Pd same across each branch
Mains Electricity
Alternating Current
Direct Current travels in one direction
Alternating Current changes direction
Mains circuit has alternating live wire and neutral wire at 0V
Frequency= 1/ Time
Cables and Plugs
Plastic used as a coating as it is a good insulator
Cables are copper wires coated in plastic
Three- Pin Plug
Live Wire- Brown
Neutral Wire- Blue
Earth Wire- Green and Yellow
Earth wire used on metal cased appliances
Fuses
Contains a thin wire that melts if too much current passes through it, shorting the circuit
Circuit breaker is a switch that automatically trips but an easily be reset
Electrical Power and Potntial Difference
Power is energy transferred each second
Power= Current x Voltage
Pd amount of voltage used up by each componant. Measured by a voltmeter
Voltage= Work Done/ Charge
Electrical Energy and Charge
Current is the rate of flow of charge
Measured in Coulombs
Electrical Issues
Faults can cause shocks and fires
Touching a mains circuit with wet hands could cause shock
Should check plugs for damage
Radioactivity
Observing Nuclear Radiation
Radioactive substance has unstable nucleus, radiation emitted to become stable
Three types
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
A random event that can't be predicted
Background radiation is always present
Discovery of the Nucleus
Rutherford used evidence from alpha scattering to deduce there was a small positively charged nucleus
Nuclear Reactions
Isotope- Has same number of protons and different number of neutrons
Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation
Alpha radiation stopped by thin paper and deflected by magnetic field
Beta radiation is stopped by thin layer of metal and is deflected by magnetic field
Gamma radiation can only be stopped by thick lead
All radiation can strip electrons of atoms they crash into, possibly causing mutation. This is called ionisaiton
Half Life
Average time it takes the number of unstable nuclei to halve
Radioactivity at work
Energy from the Nuclei
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Issues
Early Universe
Life History of a Star
Formation of Elements
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