Families in Jane Eyre are
often incomplete or do not
function well:
Most of the main characters are lacking one
or both parents, with the consequence that,
as children, they lack guidance, support or
control: this is true of the Reeds, for
instance; and, of course, of Jane herself
Parents who are present, as in the case of
Rochester's father, cannot be relied upon
to give sound advice or to act in their
children's best interests
Substitute parents – whether they be Mrs Reed
for Jane, or Brocklehurst for the girls at
Lowood School – are equally likely to be
unsatisfactory, either neglecting their charges
or dealing with them sternly and harshly.
Family ties - the older
generation influence the
family ties of ythe younger
generation
So a group of absent individuals, related by blood
or marriage (Mrs Reed being the only one who
appears in the novel) determines the lives of
those in the next generation:
Uncle John Eyre's decision to leave
his money to Jane, and her
subsequent choice to share it with
her Rivers cousins, enables the
resolution of the previous problems
in the Eyre family
The Reeds, on the other hand, are seen as being part of their
mother's rather than their father's family and are therefore
excluded from this redemption: John is the victim of his mother's
indulgence, while Georgiana and Eliza inherit her vanity and
meanness of spirit respectively
The situations in which the Reeds, Rivers and Jane
find themselves have their roots in quarrels and
separations that took place in the previous
generation. Rochester, too, finds himself at the mercy
of his father and of Bertha Mason's family history of
madness.
The novel
contains a
number of
reformulated
family
groupings:
Both Miss Temple and later Mrs Fairfax are
substitute mothers to Jane, though each fall short –
Miss Temple by leaving her at the age of eighteen;
Mrs Fairfax by the limitations of her understanding
The most satisfactory substitute parent is
Rochester, who undertakes responsibility
for Adèle voluntarily. He does so out of a
sense of duty and compassion rather than
because he is legally obliged to do so
When she meets the Rivers, Jane
is glad to acquire some family
with whom she can enjoy a
positive relationship, in contrast
to the highly negative feelings
she has for her surviving Reed
cousins, Eliza and Georgiana
Jane's relative
freedom from
family ties
enables her to
establish a new
family grouping
with Rochester,
their children
and Adèle.