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2060368
Unit 2 Geography
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Mapa Mental sobre Unit 2 Geography, criado por Jack Spencer em 18-02-2015.
Mapa Mental por
Jack Spencer
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Unit 2 Geography
Topic 1 Population dynamias
Reasons for increase population
Better medicines
Better technology
People living longer
Better nutrition
Better living conditions
Cleaner drinking water
Birth rate and death rate
If less people die and more people are born, it increases the words population at the present time
Immigration
More people entering the country making more people added to the population of that area
Natural change
When at the birth rate exceeds the death rate increasing the population
With more people it means more children will be being born, further increasing the population
Key terms
Birth rate: the number of birth per 1,000 in a year
Death rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 in a year
Natural increase: The difference between birth rate and death rate
Natural change: The change in population numbers which result from the differ death and birth rates
Migration: The process of people changing their place of residents, within or between countries
Immigration: People arriving in a country to live for more than a year
Emigration: A person living in a country and moves somewhere else for atleast a year
Zero population growth: when natural change and migration cancel each other out
Exponential growth: Rapid increase of population
Reasons for decreased population
Cost of raising a child increases
Civil war in a country
Introduction of birth control
Increase of women seeking employment
fewer labourers required to work the farm land
DMT
It shows the change of death rate, birth rate and natural change increase of a county over time
Created by Warren Thompson in 1929
Adapted to indicate socio-economic development in 1945
Demographic transition model
Stage 1: High BR and DR which fluctuate ( Natural increase is low)
High BR because of not birth control.
High infant mortality.
High death rate from poor hygiene
High rates of disease and infant mortality
No country is at this stage
Stage 2: High birth rate and falling death rate (rapid natural increase)
Falling DR because of improved Health care, housing and nutrition
Also lo rates of infant mortality and desease
Country include LIC's, such as Niger, Chad and Somalia
Stage 3: falling BR and DR (natural increase decreases)
Falling BR due to improved birth control
Fewer child mortality which encourages couples to have less children
Less children working
Countries include MICs and NICs, such as India, Mexico and Brazil
Stage 4: Low BR and DR which both fluctuate (natural increase is low)
The population 'greys' - gets older.
BR is kept low, due to available and effective birth control
families want it all for their children
and changing role of women ( career women and a longer stay in education)
Countries include HICs such as USA, France and Denmark
Case Studies: Population Structure
Japan
Economic growth
To make strong economic growth men work long hours ( often 50 hour a week)
couple find it hard to get time to raise a family
demographic Factors
Japanese people eat healthily diet
Low fats, sugar and salts
see life expectancy
Baby booms creating a larger band of people aged 35-44
Migration
has no significant immigration groups, 98% of the population is Japanese
Conflict
World war killed many men which made a small group of 85+
After WWII There was a baby boom and now they are about the 60 age
Great health lowers death rate
Japan Has 206 doctors per 100,00 people
Ageing populaion
Ageing population issues
declining population makes more jobs available
letting immigrants into the country to prevent socio-economic problem
20 million people needed to be let into the country
Japan has a long history of being brain washed into freeing foreigners
they believe foreigners are more likely to commit crimes
grants are less likely to achieve a a position of respect or authority
Mexico
2005- 2010 1.4 million Mexicans moved out of Mexico but 1.4 million moved back
Low death rates increase older population
Mexico has a vast youth population
Heath service increased dramatically making less children die at birth
Leads to Mexico having a large youth population
less are leaving around the ages of 20-34 because of economic growth
Mass amount of 45-64 moved out of Mexico, 10,000 crossed the border into America
Case study:Population policy
China: one child policy
The need for the policy
Lack of resources
Over crowding
Large population
Slow down impacts of natural problems
Less people left without surficent things for living
Problems with the population
Parents spoil the only child and it leads to obesity
Brief kidnapping has increase because of less women
Not everyone can be monitored
Low life expectance which makes a shortage of labour
Success with the policy
Birth rate dropped 34 per 1000 in 1970 to 13 per 1000 in 2008
Population growth rate dropped from 2.4% to 0.6%
Less people being left without anything
How it works
Couples without children were told to wait their tuen
Young people were told to perspone marriages
They can get things such as...
benefits
cash bonuses
Better housing
better child care
Women with unauthorised prognosis where pressured into abortions
Singapore: Have three or more
At first the government were worried about the island becoming over populated
Why...
Their policy changed to a Pro-natalist policy
they make people what to do the policy by
Cheap nurseries
Preferential access to the best schools
Spacious apartments
A low population for the country
Women are discouraged to have abortions
Giving people the choice to have three or more if they can afford it
Migration and the UK
Re-opening the door
What issues
a period of economic boom saw a shortage of labour
They were accused of depriving UK workers
And taking advantage of the benefit system
The UK is unable to control the movement of economic migrants
Benefits created
Many citizens of new EU countries have come to work inn the ok
migrants contributing to the economy
Many jobs they take are low paid jobs
Migrants have a strong work ethic
Problems created
stay until have enough money to take home
A lot entire from out side the EU
gone home because of better employment prospects
Closing the door
What issues
The UK had more then enough labour
I was clear that the immigrants created great tension
Benefits created
met the shortage of unskilled and semi-skilled labour
Played a big part of post war reconstruction of the country
White people have found over time that immigrants aren't threatening
problems created
the pubic money was spent on meeting the everyday needs of the immigrants
housing, school, health care
When the economy went into recession in the 1970's the immigrants added to the burden
immigrates were discriminated against and abused
Open Door
What issues
Encouraged by an act of parliament
Free entry into the UK
Post-war immigration came mainly from colonies in the Caribbean
Benefits created
Many people found work in textile factories
Many drove buses or worked on the railway
Later arrivers, particularly from india opened corner shops and restaurants
Problems created
There was over 1 million immigrants
Anexos de mídia
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