Population Case Study - Youthful Population in Uganda

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Mapa Mental sobre Population Case Study - Youthful Population in Uganda, criado por sophie.lee.rober em 15-03-2015.
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Resumo de Recurso

Population Case Study - Youthful Population in Uganda
  1. General Information
    1. 50% of Uganda's population is under 15 years old
      1. The dependency ratio has increased significantly over the years: 100 in 1969 to 122 in 1995
        1. Very high fertility rate and a very low contraceptive prevalence rate
      2. The country has a high prevalence of AIDS
        1. This results in excess mortality and lower life expectancy rates than otherwise would be expected
        2. The high fertility rate and youthful age structure has resulted in the build up of a population momentum
          1. Even if fertility were to drop drastically to replacement levels, the population of Uganda would still continue to grow for 40-50 years
            1. This has far reaching implications for the development of the individual within the family and the nation as a whole, particularly because of its low level of development and technology
        3. Impacts - Social
          1. Family Welfare
            1. Health of mothers and children is adversely affected by high fertility
              1. Early child bearing
                1. Teenage pregnancies increases the number of young mothers who lack material resources to support their children
                  1. Can affect the initial development and growth of their children
                  2. Encourages school drop outs
                    1. Acts as a barrier to the advancement of women and their future independence
                    2. Exposure to AIDS is increased
                  3. Increased demand for health services
                    1. Because of high fertility
                      1. The health infrastructure can't cope with this so there is an uneven distribution and poor access to facilities and low per capita expenditure
                      2. Demand for social security
                        1. The proportion of elderly is fairly low
                          1. However, the youthful population and their problems (unemployment and general poverty) result in high dependency
                            1. No comprehensive social security policy and the individual household has to become responsible
                      3. Impacts - Environmental
                        1. The high population growth is resulting in degradation of the environment
                          1. The increasing land fragmentation and decrease in soil fertility is causing crop yields to fall
                            1. The increasing use of marginal lands which can't support agriculture sustainability
                              1. The depletion of wetlands to expand agricultural lands and forest depletion to gain land use firewood for fuel
                              2. Impacts - Economic
                                1. Increased demand for education services
                                  1. The government wanted to achieve universal primary education by 2003 but the high birth rate hindered this
                                    1. The population of primary school age is expected to grow from 3.3 million (1991) to 7.2 million by 2021
                                      1. Much larger expenditures will be needed to pay for an increasing number of teachers, classrooms, materials and equipment
                                  2. Labour force and employment
                                    1. The youthful population accounts for a substantial expansion of the labour force which is mainly agriculture and the informal sector
                                      1. The potential labour force is expected to double between 1991-2021 to reach 16.8 million
                                      2. There are very few employment opportunities in the formal sector and this limits the growth of the economy; problems of unemployment, underemployment, rural-urban migration and crime
                                      3. Urbanisation and Housing
                                        1. The provision of adequate housing and social amenities is not keeping pace with the increasing population
                                          1. Outcomes include over crowding, growth of slums and deterioration
                                            1. Very low numbers have access to electricity and safe drinking water and pit latrines are the dominant form of toilet facility

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