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Smoking
- Cardiovascular system
- Atherosclerosis
- The deposition of fatty substances
in the walls of the arteries
- CO damages endothelium of arteries
- Damage repaired by phagocytes
- Encourages growth of smooth
muscle and deposition of fatty
substances
- Encourages growth of smooth
muscle and deposition of fatty
substances
- Damage repaired by phagocytes
- Deposition of fatty substances, fibres,
dead blood cells, plateletes are atheromas
- High blood pressure increases
deposition of cholesterol
- High blood pressure increases
deposition of cholesterol
- Atheromas eventually form
plaque, sticking out into lumen
- Artery wall becomes rougher and less flexible
- Reduces size of lumen of artery
- Reduces blood flow
- Reduces blood flow
- Artery wall becomes rougher and less flexible
- Nicotine causes
increase in blood
pressure
- Damage to
arteries
- More atheromas
- More atheromas
- Damage to
arteries
- The deposition of fatty substances
in the walls of the arteries
- Coronary heart disease (CHD)
- A disease of the heart
caused by malfunction of
the coronary arteries
- Narrowing of coronary arteries means
reduce blood flow to heart muscles
- Less oxygen to the heart
- Less oxygen to the heart
- CO binds irreversibly with
haemoglobin, reducing the amount of
oxygen to tissues, e.g. heart
- Nicotine makes platelets sticky, increasing
chances of blood clot (thrombus)
- Can cause heart
attack if in
coronary arteries
- Can cause heart
attack if in
coronary arteries
- A disease of the heart
caused by malfunction of
the coronary arteries
- Stroke
- The death of part of the brain due to a
lack of blood flow to that part of the brain
and subsequent oxygen deficiency
- Thrombus floating around blocks
a small artery leading to brain
- Haemorrhage - artery
leading to brain bursts
- Nicotine increases
risk of blood clots
- CO reduces amount of oxygen
as binds to haemoglobin
- The death of part of the brain due to a
lack of blood flow to that part of the brain
and subsequent oxygen deficiency
- Atherosclerosis
- Gas exchange system
- Lung cancer
- Symptoms
- Continual coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Blood coughed
up in sputum
- Continual coughing
- Tar contains
carcinogenic compounds
- Enter nucleus of
cells of lung tissue
- Change
genetic
material -
mutation
- If mutation in genes controlling
cell division then uncontrolled
cell division takes place - cancer
- Enter nucleus of
cells of lung tissue
- Symptoms
- Emphysema
- Loss of elasticity in the alveoli,
which causes alveoli to burst
- Lungs have reduced SA
- Decreases rate of gaseous
exchange
- Decreases rate of gaseous
exchange
- Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Shallow and
rapid breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Foreign particles in smoke
get trapped in alveoli
- Causes inflammation
and damages epithelium
- Phagocytes attracted to area
- Release enzymes to move out
of blood and into airways
- Elastase damages elastic
tissue in lung lining
- Reduces elasticity so
do not push air out
when recoiling
- Bronchioles
collapse and trap
air in alveoli
- Causes alveoli to
burst as pressure in
lungs increase
- Causes alveoli to
burst as pressure in
lungs increase
- Bronchioles
collapse and trap
air in alveoli
- Reduces elasticity so
do not push air out
when recoiling
- Elastase damages elastic
tissue in lung lining
- Release enzymes to move out
of blood and into airways
- Phagocytes attracted to area
- Causes inflammation
and damages epithelium
- Loss of elasticity in the alveoli,
which causes alveoli to burst
- COPD
- Combination of diseases, including
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Combination of diseases, including
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
- Inflammation of the
lining of the airways
- Tar paralyses cilia and
causes goblet cells to
produce more mucus
- Bacteria etc multiply and
cause lung infection
- Bacteria etc multiply and
cause lung infection
- Symptoms
- Irritation in
the lungs
- Continual coughing
- Coughing up mucus filled
with bacteria and WBCs
- Irritation in
the lungs
- Inflammation of the
lining of the airways
- Lung cancer
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