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2591201
Biology-B1
Descrição
quick revision notes covering b1
Sem etiquetas
you and your genes
biology
science
Mapa Mental por
Manar Abdalla
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Manar Abdalla
aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
40
2
0
Resumo de Recurso
Biology-B1
Variation
indiviuals of the same species
can be caused by...
genetic factors, e.g. dimples, eye colour
environmental factors,e.g. scars, hair style
Genetic Information
DNA
genes
located in the NUCLEUS of every cell
occur in long strips called CHROMOSOMES
control the development of different characteristics with instructions to the cells
alleles
dominant
controls the development of a characteristic even if its present on only one chromosome in a pair
recessive
controls the development of a characteristic only if the dominant allele is not present
homozygous: inherit two which are the same
heterozygous: inherit two which are different
instructions for...
how the organism should be constructed
how each cell should function
Chromosomes
made of DNA molecules
double helix
come in pairs
both cromosomes in the pair have the same sequence of genes,
same genes in the same place
Humans have 23 pairs, 46 chromosomes in total
sex cells contain single chromosomes
protein
structural
for cell growth of repair
functional
enzymes to speed up chemical reactions
GENETIC DISORDERS
HUNTINGTON'S
one faulty allele, on the fourth pair of chromosomes
affects the central nevous system
damages brain cells
gradual changes=symptoms
involuntary movement
clumsiness
memory loss
mood changes
inability to concentrate
develop in adulthood
means sufferers have already passed it onto their offspring
incurable=premature death
only one parent needs to pass on the gene fora child to inherit it
allele is dominant
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
causes the build up of thick sticky mucus
lungs,hut and pancreas
symptoms
weight loss
difficulty in breating
chest infections
difficulty in digesting food
if a person has one of the alleles, doesn't have any symptoms=carrier
they can pass on the allele to offspring
an example of this=SICKLE CELL
GENETIC TESTING
testing for a faulty allele
implications
testing individuals for...
suspectability to certain diseases or conditions
possible problems with certain prescribed drugs /treatments
stem cells
develop into specialised cells neede in an organism
adult
taken from areas which are adapted for replacement /repair of tissues
umbilical cord and bone marrow
can develop into a range of specialised cells but not all types
embryonic
taken from a developing embryo, to make into necessary clone embryos
develop into any kind of specialised cell
used to replace damaged tissue, patients with parkinsons disease
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