Lesson 1: Introduction

Observations and Measurements
1. Observations - information received from any of our five senses
2. Instruments - used to extend our senses
3. Measurements - observations made using and instrument
4. U.S. Customary Measures (Standard System):
  1. Length: Inch, Foot, Mile
  2. Mass: Ounce, Pound, Ton
  3. Time: Seconds, Minutes, Hours
  4. Temperature: Degrees Fahrenheit
5. International System of Units (Metric System):
  1. Length: Meters
  2. Mass: Grams
  3. Time: Seconds, Minutes, Hours
  4. Temperature: Kelvin, Degrees Celcius
  5. Metric Prefixes:
    1. Milli, Centi, Deci, Unit, Deca, Hecta, Kilo
Earth Science - the study of our planet, its changing systems and its place in the universe
1. Geology - the study of rock materials and how the solid Earth changes
2. Meteorology - the study of the changing conditions of Earth's atmosphere
3. Astronomy - the study of Earth's mostions and the nature of other objects in space
Exponential Notation
1. M * 10^n
  1. Let M = a number from greater or equal to 1 and less than 10
  2. Let 10^n = any power of 10
Observations and Inferences
1. Inferences - conclusions drawn from observations
  1. Based on a wide range of observations = Reliable
Percent Deviation
1. Percent Deviation (Percent Error) - a convenient way of comparing a measurement to the commonly accepted value for that measurement
2. Deviation (%) = [(difference from accepted value) / (accepted value)] * 100
Types of Graphs
1. Line Graph
  1. Based on a coordinate system
  2. Set up on a vertical (Y) axis and a horizontal (X) axis
  3. Y axis - Dependent Variable
  4. X axis - Independent Variable
2. Pie (Circle) Graph
  1. Used to show how an entire quantity is divided into several parts
  2. shows the comparison for each part
3. Bar Graph
  1. Used to show data that is not continuous
  2. Set up on a vertical (Y) axis and a horizontal (X) axis
  3. X axis - Independent Variable
  4. Y axis - Dependent Variable

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