Cardiovascular System

Three Main Functions
1. Transport
  1. Moving things around the body in the bloodsteam
    1. Oxygen
    2. Nutrients
      1. Glucose
    3. Water
    4. Waste
2. Body Temperature Control
  1. Move more blood nearer to the skin cools the body more quickly
3. Protection
  1. Moving antibodies around the body to fight disease. Your blood clots to seal cuts
Blood Made Of
1. Red Blood Cells
  1. Carry oxygen around the blood in the haemoglobin
  2. They have no nucleus
    1. Leaves more room for haemoglobin
2. White Blood Cells
  1. Fight against disease by destroying bacteria, viruses and toxins
3. Plasma
  1. Carries everything in the bloodstream
    1. Blood cells
    2. Digested food
      1. Glucose
    3. Waste
      1. Carbon Dioxide
    4. Hormones
4. Platelets
  1. Small fragments with no nucleus
  2. They help clot blood at wounds
Double-Circuit
1. The cardiovascular system is made up of three main parts
  1. The heart
  2. The blood
  3. The blood vessels
    1. Arteries
      1. Carry blood away from the heart
      2. High blood pressure
    2. Veins
      1. Carry blood to the heart
      2. Valves to stop back flow
      3. Low blood pressure
    3. Capillary
      1. Carries blood to and from the body cells
      2. One cell thick for gas exchange
      3. Blood slows down due to large surface area
2. Each time blood goes right round your body it goes through the heart twice, once through each side
3. The blue is the deoxygenated blood and the red is the oxygenated blood
4. The cardiovascular system works by returning oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary vein. The oxygenated blood is then pumped at high pressure to the body from the heart, via the aorta. Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs, via the pulmonary artery. The deoxygenated blood then returns to the heart, via the vena cara
Key Words
1. Hypotension- Means that oxygen and nutrients are not defined to vital organs (LOW BLOOD PRESSURE)
2. Hypertension- Lead to heart disease, kidney disease and strokes due to HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
3. Systolic Pressure- the maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
4. Diastolic Pressure- the pressure of the blood during the relaxation stage (between the heart beats)
5. Stroke Volume- blood ejected per beat
6. Cardiac Output- blood ejected per minute (Q=H/RxSV)
Effects
1. Smoking
  1. Short Term
    1. Increase heart rate
    2. Increase blood pressure
    3. Decrease blood flow to supply oxygen
    4. Fat and cholesterol increases in blood vessels
    5. Constriction of blood vessels
  2. Long Term
    1. Narrowing or hardening of blood vessels
    2. Increase heart disease
    3. Increased arterioclerosis
      1. Narrowing or hardening of artery
2. Exercise
  1. Long Term
    1. Heart muscle increases in size and strength
    2. increase volume of blood and red blood cells
    3. Increased number of capillaries in muscles
    4. Cardiac output increases
    5. Lower resting heart rate and a quicker recovery rate
    6. Reduced risk of heart disease
  2. Short Term
    1. Blood temperature increases
    2. Blood vessels near skin open up to allow heat to be lost
    3. Blood diverted to muscles from digestion and other systems
    4. Increased heart rate and stroke volume

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