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28126278
The Victorian Age (1837-1901)
Descrição
Mapa Mental sobre The Victorian Age (1837-1901), criado por Letizia S em 04-01-2021.
Mapa Mental por
Letizia S
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Letizia S
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Resumo de Recurso
The Victorian Age (1837-1901)
Queen Victoria
1. Became queen at 18 y/o (64 years of reign)
2. Was the ideal head of a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (peaceful and stable reign).
3. In 1840 married her cousin, the PRINCE ALBERT OF SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA (good advisor)
In 1857 he became Prince Consort
4. Had 9 children
Respectable family
5. In 1861 her husband died. She retired from society and spent the following 10 years in mourning.
Literature
Poetry
ROBERT BROWNING
Porphyria's Lover
It's a dramatic monologue
Imaginary speaker (persona)
=Porphyria's lover (insane)
an Imaginary audience/ the reader/ an interlocutor
=audience (he is alone)
Porphyria can't love her lover freely because of social restraints
Victorian element (respectability)
It's the Age of FICTION
THE ViCTORIAN NOVEL
Function: to entratain and to instruct
Had a great expantion because of the growth of literacy
elementary education became compulsory
Main source of entertainment of the middle class (women)
At first novels were published in instalments into magazines
Writers could modify their stories if the readers didn't like something
Writer's compromise
2 phases
1. REALISM
CHARLES DICKENS
Charles Dickens's novels
David Copperfield
It's a Bildungsrroman
Literary genre loved by the Victorians because it had a moral
It contains autobiographical elements
Hard Times
The title comes from the expression: "I'm fallen on hard times
Set in the imaginary city of Coketown
Dystopic representation of an industrial town in the north of England
Critical of the school system, utilitarianism, industrialisation
Oliver Twist
Critical of the hypocrisy of the institutions (the Church)
have always an happy ending
set in cities
contain great characters ("larger than life")
usually described in a funny way
their names reveal something about them
Also called SOCIAL NOVELS
=Dickens criticizes society
but usually resorting to irony
or CONDITION OF ENGLAND NOVELS
have compelx plots
great dialogues
Writers described society as they saw it
Faith in progress
Awareness of evils
Authors did not question the system
2. DECADENTiSM
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Long-short story
Gothic elements + elements of a detective story
3 narrators
Who should we trust?
End of all the certainties about reality
Theme of the double
THE VICTORIAN COMPROMISE
Based on a double standard
What was shown
What had to be hidden
Good and evil can not be separated, but they coexist in human soul
OSCAR WILDE
The Picture of Dorian Gray
Reaction vs victorian morality (prudery)
Theme of the double
Key concepts:
Immorality
Pleasure
Hedonism
Beauty
Aestethicism
Had a double life
Was a dandy
Life as a work of art
Open criticism of victorian values
Plays
The Importance of being Earnest (OSCAR WILDE)
New comedy of manners
Main themes:
The double
Marriage (=social contract)
Exaggerated seriousness of the victorian society
Creates comic effects
Play based on the brilliance of language (paradoxes, puns, misunderstandings)
Complex plot
Economic and scientific progress (2nd wave of industrialization)
The Great Exhibition (1851)
Building of London Underground (1860)
Great advancements in industrial processes
Huge improvements in transports/railway system
Investments in new museums
Natural History Museum
Science Museum
Victoria and Albert Museum
New discoveries and theories from geology, biology, archeology and astronomy.
Charles Darwin's "On the Origins of the Species" (1859)
Undermined religious beliefs
New currents of thought
Evangelicanism (religious movement)
obedience to a strict code of morality
dedication to humanitarian causes and social reforms
Utilitarianism (Jeremy Bentham)
= an action is morally right if it has consequences that lead to happiness
Materialistic age
English Empire
Canada, some parts of Africa, India; Australia
The White Man's burden
Idea supported by many writers (eg, KIPLING)
Many wars were fought
Opium Wars VS China
Crimean War VS Russia
Indian mutiny
Anglo-Boer War VS the Dutch
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