where the narrator is a character in the story who
describes things from his or her own perspective
and refers to himself or herself as “I”
PROS
The reader can focus on that character’s
thoughts and feelings throughout the story
Author can develop the
character's voice (personality)
Reader can connect to that one
character, formulate empathy and
connections with that character
CONS
Readers only know the thoughts
and feelings of that one character
Readers only know the story’s plot through that
character’s perspective, you don’t know how other
characters react to important events in the story.
2nd Person
Second-person point of view, where the narrator is
talking to the reader trying to explain something.
PROS
Readers can interact
with the book
Readers can be apart of the
story and interact with the plot
The narrator explains important
information to you, like a conversation
CONS
The narrator may persuade you to feel
a certain way about a topic or situation
3rd Person
3rd Person Omniscient
Third-person omniscient point of view, where
the narrator is not one of the characters and is
able to describe the experiences and thoughts
of every character in the story.
PROS
Reader understands every
character’s thoughts and feelings.
CONS
Sometimes the reader is given too
much information about everyone, and
it is hard for the reader to draw their
own conclusions about characters
3rd Person Limited
Third-person limited point of view, where the
narrator is not a character in the story but
the narrator can describe the experiences and
thoughts of only one character in the story
PROS
Readers only get the thoughts or
feelings of one or a few of the
characters, not everyone so the
information is very important
CONS
The reader is limited to only
knowing the character’s
thoughts and feelings of the
characters the narrator/author
WANTS you to know
You don’t know why
some characters did
certain actions
during the story.
3rd Person Objective
Third-person objective point of view,
where the narrator can only report what
is seen NOT the thoughts or feelings of
any of the characters. “Fly on the Wall”
PROS
Helps the reader make
important inferences about
how the character feels
The reader is learning
along with the author
The author is telling us the
story, “Story time for the reader”
CONS
The reader’s inferences may be
wrong about the character
QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT
Why is this point of view
important to the story?
Why did the author pick
THIS point of view and not a
different one?
If the story was told from a
different point of view, how
would the PLOT change?
How does changing the point
of view change the story?
Mood
Mood is the feeling the reader gets from a
work of literature.
Mood = Atmosphere
The mood can stay the same
from beginning to the end
of a text, OR it can change.
Authors create mood through...
Imagery
Dialogue
Setting
Word Choice
Plot
Examples of moods are:
calm, creepy, romantic,
gloomy, or tense.
QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT
What is the mood
of the piece?
Why do you think the
author created this type
of mood for the readers?
If the mood was
different, how would it
affect the plot or theme?
The Stars Between Us
POV
1st Person P.O.V
The narrator uses pronouns
such as I, we, me, and us.
"The fish body he's given me is made of photos
too. There's a picture of Daniel gleefully eating his
birthday cookies, and one of us playing Mario Kart
the summer his parents got divorced" (Lewis 27)
If the POV changed, then the story would
change because we wouldn't symapthize
as much with Alma. Any thougths or
observations we get about her feeling
sorry for her self, isolated, or beat down,
would most likely be overruled by her
mom's happiness about the town, and
her best friend Daniel's love for her.
MOOD
Beginning:
Lonely
SETTING
The original plan was to stay for a few months,
maybe through the summer. But school is still
online and Mom's still working remotely, so now
- almost winter- we're still here.
Alma is away from all of her
friends in a town she deosn't
like, and is starting to feel very
lonely and alone. This creates a
feeling of isolation as she is
not near her loved ones.
DIALOGUE
"I hate it here," I text Daniel.
He texts me back a sad
Baby Yoda. I don't respond.
Alma is feeling ignored by her
firneds, and thinks it is all because
of her new house. She doesn't like
having to text her best friend,
instead of talking to him.
End:
Loved
WORD CHOICE
The tide is in now, and the house rocks
gently from side to side. The stars are
coming out too, like tiny houses in the sky
flicking on their lights. I sit there for a
long time, watching the glittering waves.
QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT
What is the mood
of the story?
What is the POV
of the story?
If the POV of the tory as
changed, how would to plot
change?
Can you prove it with textual evidence?
How do word choice, setting,
imagery, plot, and dialogue
help create the mood?