The Grammatical Approach is teacher-focused Second language
instruction that relies on memorization of rules and a strong focus on
syntax. The Grammatical Approach views L1 as an interference in
learning L2.
Grammar-Translation
Method
Focus on reading, writing and
grammar
Direct Method
Focus on total L2
immersion
Classroom Applications:
Error correction, skill
and drill, repetitive
practice and
memorization of
grammatical rules
Audiolingual
Method
Foxus on grammar
structures
The Communicative
Approach
The Communicative Approach is student-focused with a strong
emphasis on communication through social interactions as a way of
meaningful aquisition of knowledge.
Silent Way
Method
Teacher modeling
Neutral Way
Method
Emphaisis on
conprehensiable input
Suggestopedia
Method
Relaxed environment
with L1 support
Classroom Applications:
Minimal error correction,
L1 encouraged for L2
support, visuals,
cooperative learning, and
gaurded vocabulary
Integrated
Content Based
Method
Focus on content and
language integration
Sheltered
Instruction
Method
scaffolded
instruction
The Cognitive
Approach
The Cognitive Approach is a learner-focused with an
explicit teaching of learning strategies in communicative
ways.
CALLA method
Developmentally appropriate language
instruction and intentional focus on CALP in L1
and L2
Classroom Applications:
explicit instruction using
metacognitive, cognitive,
and social/affective
learning strategies