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Descrição
Mapa Mental por Lizzie Parker, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Lizzie Parker
mais de 9 anos atrás
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C1.1 : Chemical Concepts
- The Atom
- Nucleus
- Middle of the atom
- Protons (+ charge)
- Neutrons (neutral charge)
- Overall positive charge
- Middle of the atom
- Electrons
- Move around the nucleus in fixed orbits
- Negatively charged
- Occupy shells around nucleus
- Each shell has a fixed energy
- Move around the nucleus in fixed orbits
- Number of Protons= Number of electrons
- Elements
- consist of one type of atom only
- ( number of protons in an atom decide what type of atom it is)
- consist of one type of atom only
- Nucleus
- Periodic Table
- Vertical columns=groups
- Elements in the same group
have the same number of
electrons in their outer shells
- Elements in the same group have
similar properties
- Element in the
first
column=group 0
(Noble gases)
- Noble gases
have full outer
shells so they
are stable
- Mass number (top left)
shows number of protons
and neautrons
- Atomic number
(bottom left) shows
number of protons
- Vertical columns=groups
- Electron Shells
- Rules
- Electrons ALWAYS occupy shells
- The lowest energy levels are
always filled first (ones
closest to the nucleus
- 1st shell= 2 electrons
- Outer shells= 8 electrons
- Atoms are stable and don't
react when they have full
outer shells
- When the outer shell isn't
full, atoms react to fill it
- Electrons ALWAYS occupy shells
- Electronic Structure
- Work out number of electrons (same as
Atomic number)
- Work out how many electrons
fill each shell (follow electron
shell rules)
- Work out number of electrons (same as
Atomic number)
- Rules
- Compounds
- Elements reacting and their
atoms forming chemical
bonds=Compounds
- Making bonds= giving away,
taking or sharing electrons
- Only electrons are involved in bonding
- Ionic Bonding
- Compounds made of a metal
and non-metal are made of ions
- Metal atom LOSES electrons
to make a positive ion
- Non-metal atom GAINS
electrons to make a negative ion
- Compounds made of a metal
and non-metal are made of ions
- Covalent bonding
- Compounds formed from
non-metals consist of
molecules
- Atoms SHARE electrons to fill
outer shells
- Compounds formed from
non-metals consist of
molecules
- Elements reacting and their
atoms forming chemical
bonds=Compounds
- Forces between Particles
- Solids
- Strong forces of attraction between particles=fixed
positions=regular lattice arangement
- Particles don't move so solids have a definite shape/volume
- Particles vibrate-hotter solid means particles vibrate more so
the solid expands
- Strong forces of attraction between particles=fixed
positions=regular lattice arangement
- Liquids
- Some forces of attraction between particles=they're free to move
past each other but tend to stick together
- Don't keep a definite shape and flow to fill bottom of container
but keep same volume
- Constantly (randomly) moving, hotter liquids expand
- Some forces of attraction between particles=they're free to move
past each other but tend to stick together
- Gases
- Next to no force of attraction between particles (travel in straight lines)
- No definite shape or volume
- Particles move randomly always. Expand when heated
- Next to no force of attraction between particles (travel in straight lines)
- Solutions
- Mixture of solvent (liquid) and solute (solid)
- Whether bond breaks depends on how strong the bonds are
- Bonds break, molecules mix
- Mixture of solvent (liquid) and solute (solid)
- Solids
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