3463585
Descrição
Mapa Mental por adamcpiper, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por adamcpiper
mais de 9 anos atrás
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SLA Content
- Theories
- Behaviorism
- Typified by B.F. Skinner; states that behavior is learned
through S-R-R, a replicable process of stimulus, response,
and positive or negative reinforcement.
- Applies to language acquisition because it can turn any
desired behavior into a spontaneously performed habit.
- Applies to language acquisition because it can turn any
desired behavior into a spontaneously performed habit.
- Typified by B.F. Skinner; states that behavior is learned
through S-R-R, a replicable process of stimulus, response,
and positive or negative reinforcement.
- Information Processing
- Developed by R.C. Anderson; centered around
idea that all knowledge falls into 2 categories:
declarative and procedural.
- Declarative: rapidly learned; information is stored in schemas.
Procedural: gradual process; teaches how to do something
successfully step by step.
- Applies to language acquisition because once the correct language is
modeled, the learner may mirror the correct language, store that
knowledge in a schema, and repeatedly use it to enhance their
language acquisition.
- Declarative: rapidly learned; information is stored in schemas.
Procedural: gradual process; teaches how to do something
successfully step by step.
- Developed by R.C. Anderson; centered around
idea that all knowledge falls into 2 categories:
declarative and procedural.
- Social Interaction
- Developed by Gass, Vygotsky, and Swain; focused
on the context of learning a language and how
learners may use conversational interactions to
build their knowledge.
- Emphasizes that language can be enhanced by conversing with a partner. The
learner will notice a "gap" in what they say and what they want to say, then
they will actively work with grammar and structure to close that gap.
- Emphasizes that language can be enhanced by conversing with a partner. The
learner will notice a "gap" in what they say and what they want to say, then
they will actively work with grammar and structure to close that gap.
- Developed by Gass, Vygotsky, and Swain; focused
on the context of learning a language and how
learners may use conversational interactions to
build their knowledge.
- Behaviorism
- Processes
- Audiolingual Approach
- Adapted by North American linguists in the 1900s;
stemmed from oral tradition of Native Americans.
- Utilized vocal repetition of proper grammatical patterns
by the learner; correct reproductions were rewarded,
while incorrect reproductions were punished.
- Utilized vocal repetition of proper grammatical patterns
by the learner; correct reproductions were rewarded,
while incorrect reproductions were punished.
- Adapted by North American linguists in the 1900s;
stemmed from oral tradition of Native Americans.
- Natural Approach
- Developed by Chomsky, Krashen, and Cummins; emphasizes a "natural order" of
language learning which follows the process of acquisition, editing, and application.
- Describes the presence of an "affective filter" in learning a second language;
in short, if any process causes fear or anxiety in the learner, then less of the
target language will be acquired or learned.
- Describes the presence of an "affective filter" in learning a second language;
in short, if any process causes fear or anxiety in the learner, then less of the
target language will be acquired or learned.
- Developed by Chomsky, Krashen, and Cummins; emphasizes a "natural order" of
language learning which follows the process of acquisition, editing, and application.
- Communicative Approach
- Developed as a way of teaching designed around the following classroom principles.
- Emphasis is placed on interacting in the target
language as communication.
- Authentic texts written in the target language
are introduced into the lesson.
- The student's classroom learning is enhanced by their
own personal experiences.
- An attempt is made to link classroom learning with
language activities outside the classroom.
- Emphasis is placed on interacting in the target
language as communication.
- Developed as a way of teaching designed around the following classroom principles.
- Audiolingual Approach
Anexos de mídia
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