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38060216
Retail and Leisure
Descrição
Mapa Mental sobre Retail and Leisure, criado por Meghna Ranjit Nair em 26-10-2022.
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Mapa Mental por
Meghna Ranjit Nair
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Meghna Ranjit Nair
aproximadamente 2 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Retail and Leisure
Definitions
Catchment Area- The area of a shop from which it gets its customers
Convenience goods- Low cost items that consumers buy frequently eg milk and bread
Comparison goods- More expensive items that consumers buy less frequently eg clothes and TV
Range- The distance that a consumer is willing to travel to buy a product. Convenience goods have a shorter range than comparison goods
Threshold- The minimum population needed to create a demand for an item or service. It depends on the value of the product
High street- The location of all major retail activities such as shops and malls
Out-of-town shopping- A retail park located in the suburbs of a city
Internet shopping- When the internet and tech devices are used for ordering products
Honeypot site- A popular visitor attraction or area where large numbers of people visit. It is a natural area
Changing retail patterns
How has it changed?
More people shop online
We spend more on luxury goods
We do all our shopping in one supermarket rather than different stores
We can access international goods
Factors affecting retail change
Increased mobility- Higher car ownership means we can travel further and faster
Changing shopping habits- People shop less frequently but buy more due to more working women
Changing attitudes- Shopping is seen as more for leisure
Changing nature of retailing- There are only few large supermarket chains that dominate the market
Rise of internet shopping- People buy more products online and have more supermarket deliveries
Out of Town Retail Centres- The Trafford Centre case study
Characteristics
Over 11,500 free parking spaces
It has over 280 shops
It has 36 restaurants
Good access to M1
Impacts
Pros
Creates more services and jobs for the locals- 8000 people are employed here
Causes more investment in the CBD, leading to pedestrianisation
Takes stress away from transport in the CBD
Convenient for local shoppers
Cons
Causes the closure of high street shops so unemployment increases- cycle of deprivation
37% of shops in Altrincham are vacant
More air and noise pollution in the motorway due to more visitors
Can cause local businesses to close down due to more competition
High street decline and regeneration of CBDs
Reasons for decline
Rise in online shopping
Attraction of out-of-town retail centres
Rise in crime rates
Very high rent for shops and residents, causing people to move away
Impacts of decline
More shops close ao lower footfall and less profits fro shops
Derelict buildings may be vandalised so customers feel less safe and shop elsewhere
Less jobs creates social decline
Sheffield Case Study
Problems
The out-of-town Meadowhall retail centre caused several shops to close down in the CBD which attracted many vandals
Solutions
100 new shops with a covered roof were built
200 modern, safe residential areas were created
A John Lewis flagmark store was established to improve the marketing reputation
Improved parking spaces and transport system
The Retail Quarters has a covered shopping centre
Other regeneration methods
Pedestrianised zones
Having special market days such as a Christmas market
Improve security via CCTV
More green space
Online Shopping
How tech is changing retail
Reduces the footfall in shops as fewer people are physically shopping
Increases online shopping
More delivered goods
Smaller shops in the CBD have closed down
Increased transport efficiency contributes to globalisation due to world shipping
People who sell their goods online don't have to pay for rent or electricity
Online shopping is more convenient as people in rural areas can easily access goods across the world
Impacts of Amazon
Positives
Creates lots of jobs- 55,000 people in the UK work for Amazon
Customers can buy a large range of products at a cheaper price
3rd party sellers can sell their goods on Amazon, helping businesses
Negatives
They put other smaller businesses selling goods at a higher price out of customers
Independent sellers only get 35% of the profit of their goods
More deliveries increases air pollution
Case Study- 2015 Rugby World Cup
Impacts
Positives
Small businesses will benefit financially from an increase in customers
16,000 people were directly employed due to tournament
Cardiff gained £316 million from visitors
The popularity of Cardiff increased, drawing in more businesses to the tourism industry
Hotels gained profits
All this creates a positive multiplier effect
Negatives
Increased litter by large crowds
Increased congestion in CBD due to more transport used- reduces safety for pedestrians
More crowds=more noise pollution=disturbs locals
More transport for tourists for planes and cars increased CO2 emissions, contributing to global warming
Increased crime rates and more crowds attracts burglars so less safety for residents and tourists
Legacy
More investment in sporting facilities so more people do sports so there is better health and fitness
This improves Cardiff's reputation as a sporting city and attracts more visitors, improving the economy
Tourists were encouraged to also visit other parts of Wales so rural and urban areas benefit from tourism
All this makes the economy and health of the future generations more sustainable
Case Study- The Lake District
Background
It is a honeypot site as it has boating on Lake Windermere, camping sites etc
It is a National Park- areas of protected natural beauty
33% of its economy is contributed by tourism
It has the highest peaks in England as well as the deepest lakes
Impacts
Positive
Provides local people with job opportunities
Tourists spend money
Negatives
Footpath erosion- When planst are trampled upon, stones are exposed so are more prone to erosion- 87% of tourist use footpaths
Tourists drop litter
Congestion is a problem as it causes air and noise pollution. Boat riding alos causes air pollution
Animals are disturbed
Many second homes leads to a housing shortage and can cause local areas to lose their distinct characteristics
Solutions to problems
Improved public transport
Traffic restrictions
Ban on second homes
The Fix the Fells Scheme aims at raising money to fix 145 seriously eroded footpaths
Educational schemes where the NPA (National Park Authority) edcucates people on the issues and what to do to prevent it
It is diffiuclt to enforce many laws as a lot of the land is privately owned and peole want money rather than protecting the environment
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