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429181
Motor Functions
Descrição
PSYB65 Mapa Mental sobre Motor Functions, criado por andreaarose em 09-12-2013.
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psyb65
psyb65
Mapa Mental por
andreaarose
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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mais de 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Motor Functions
Functions to move the body
Parts of the motor system
Motor cortex
Neocortex
Posterior cortex
Specify movement goals and send info to the prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Generates plans for movement
Premotor cortex
Recognizes movement of others and selects similar or different actions
Primary motor cortex
Executes movements
Wilder Penfield
Produced movement in different areas of the body by stimulating the precentral gyus
10+ homunculi in the motor and premotor cortices
Basal ganglia
Input from the cortex
Motor cortex
Limbic cortex
Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway
Output to the motor cortex and substantia nigra
Disorders
Involuntary movements = hyperkinetic symptoms
Huntington's chorea
Tourette's syndrome
Related to damage to the caudate putamen
Results in tics and vocalizations
Difficulty making movements = hypokinetic symptoms
Parkinson's disease
Loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra and their input to the basal ganglia
Results in muscular rigidity and difficulty initiating and performing movements
Movement force
Projects to the internal part of the Globus pallidus (GPi)
Excitatory
Inhibitory
GPi
Projects to the thalamus and the thalamus projects to the cortex
Influences the thalamic projection
If inhibited the thalamus will excite the cortex
Parkinson's disease
Excessive activity of GPi
Decreased movement
Destruction or stimulation of GPi is a treatment
Cerebellum
Participates in acquiring and maintaining motor skills
Divided into two hemispheres
The flocculus, a small lobe, projects from the ventral surface
Takes part in balance
Contains about 1/2 of all the neurons in the entire nervous system
Motor learning
Damage to the cerebellum
A loss of timing in movement and perceptrion
Problems with movement accuracy
Feedback circuit between the cortex and cerebellum for movement adjustment
Spinal cord
Motor neurons
Brainstem
Eating and drinking
Sexual behaviour
Ability to stand upright
Coordinated limb movements for swimming and walking
Mirror neurons
Neurons that fire when we see others make a movement
Encode a complete action
Actions can be use to imitate and understand other's actions
Fill in the blanks when part of a movement is missing
Communicating with the spinal cord
Corticobulbar tract
Major projection from the cortex to the brainstem
Controls facial muscles, and takes part in controlling facial movements
Corticospinal tract/pyramidal tract
Major projection from the cortex to the spinal cord
Controls movement of the limbs and body
95% of the fibers descending from each hemisphere decussate in the brainstem, producing two corticospinal tracts
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