Increasing links and flows between different countries throughout the
world resulting in greater interdependence usually in terms of trade
The integration of economic activity, via markets. The driving
forces are technological and policy changes- falling costs of
transport and communications and greater reliance on market
forces
MEASUREMENT
Cultural Integration
How multi cultural people
are, and attitudes to refugees
and immigration
Personal Contacts
Number of passport holders as % of total
population or volume of international phone
calls made
Use of global technology
Number of internet users or
quality of international phone
linkages
Political Engagement
Number of memberships in international
organizations or number of foreign
embassies hosted
Economic Integration
Amount of FDI attracted,
volume of trade flows and
invisible size of markets
KEY THEMES
Flows
Velocity of flows
Intensity of flows
Extensiveness of flows
Interdependence
The relationship between 2 or more countries usually in terms of trade
Supply chains
Raw Materials, Supplier,
Manufacturing, Distribution, Customer, Consumer
HISTORICAL
Incipient
1850-1950
Emergence of early TNCs
like Siemens
Emergence of
international
organizations and development of global events