memory 1

memory 1

WMM
1. Central Executive
  1. limited capacity
  2. Functions:
    1. Decides what working memory pays attention to
    2. involved in problem solving and decision making
    3. allocates resources to the slave systems depending on tasks
    4. Setting task goals
    5. co- ordinating
    6. Switching attention between tasks
2. Phonological loop
  1. Limited capacity
    1. 2 seconds
  2. deals with auditory information and preserves word order
  3. Articulatory control process- allows maintenance rehearsal
3. Visuo- spatial sketch pad
  1. Visual= what things look like
  2. Spatial= relationships between things
  3. Limited capacity= 3-4 objects
4. Episodic Buffer
  1. Baddley added this as he realised the model needed more general store
  2. Slave system deals with specific types of information
  3. Extra storage system,as central executive has no storage capacity
5. Evaluation
  1. Strengths
    1. K.F. = Problem with recall of words, shows the phonological loop was damage, however he was fine with visual information
    2. brain imaging studies suggest that components of working memory are related to different of the brain
      1. Pro-frontal cortex= activity in pro-frontal cortex when the central executive is working
      2. Occipital loop= becomes active during tasks which require the visuo- spatial sketchpad
  2. Weaknesses
    1. Only focuses on STM
    2. The role played by the central executive remains slightly unclear
MSM
1. Sensory Register
  1. Info from the enviroment is recieved here
    1. 5 stores for the senses
    2. Function: sift through incoming sensory info, to stop overloading
2. STM
  1. Capacity= 5-9 items
  2. Duration= 18 seconds
  3. Information will decay if not rehearsed
    1. Maintenance Rehearsal occurs when we repeat material
3. LTM
  1. information is moved from STM- LTM via prolonged rehearsal
  2. Capacity= Unlimited
  3. Codes= semantically
  4. To recall information, has to be transferred back to STM this is call retrieval
4. Evaluation
  1. `strengths
    1. MRI scans can be used to investigate the areas of the brain
      1. K.F.= STM damaged, LTM normal, this shows that they are different stores.
  2. Weaknesses
    1. Too simplistic= assumes there is 1 store for STM and 1 for LTM
      1. Flashbulb memories= significant events stored in LTM without any rehearsal
Cognitive interview
1. Geiselman et al (1985)
  1. Improve the effectiveness of police interviews when questioning witnesses
2. 4 Components
  1. Report everything
  2. Reinstatement of context
  3. Change Order
  4. Change Perspective
3. Evaluation
  1. Strenghts
    1. Bekerian et al= found that the cognitive interview provided more accurate information
    2. Milne& bill: Combination of report everything and Context reinstatement produced better recall than any other conditions.
  2. Weaknesses
    1. Takes too long to complete
    2. Police don't use all of the 4 components as the change of perspective, may make participants think that they are being asked to speculate the event.
    3. Not successful in questioning children under the age of 6
Eye Witness Testimony
1. Loftus & Palmer (1974)
  1. Car Crash
  2. 1) smashed 2) collided 3) bumped 4) Hit 5) contracted
    1. How fast were the cars going when they ***** into each other
    2. 1) 40.8 2) 39.3 3) 38.1 4) 34.0 5) 31.8
  3. Evaluation
    1. Strengths
      1. Can control the extraneous variables
        Cause and effect
    2. Weaknesses
      1. Lacks internal validity
      2. Lacks ecological validity

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	Criado por siobhanmckenna99 quase 9 anos atrás