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Descrição
Mapa Mental por Kyla Pharris, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Kyla Pharris
quase 9 anos atrás
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Methods and
Approaches for
Teaching ESL
- Approach
- An approach is a philosophical orientation to
instruction that serves as a guide for
choosing among methods that considered to
be consistent with the tenets of the theory
and scientifically based research that
ground the philosophy.
- Grammatical
- Grammatical approach is based on teacher centered
instructions. The students are ased to
memorize language rules and and sentence
patterns. It is usually learned through
repetition drills/practices and memorization.
- Grammatical approach is based on teacher centered
instructions. The students are ased to
memorize language rules and and sentence
patterns. It is usually learned through
repetition drills/practices and memorization.
- Cognitve
- Cognitve approach is based on learner
centered which focus on explicit teaching
of learning strategies in communicative
ways. It is a CALLA method that maximize
content and language objectives. Some
techniques that are usually use with this
approach are word walls, KWL charts , and
outlines.
- Cognitve approach is based on learner
centered which focus on explicit teaching
of learning strategies in communicative
ways. It is a CALLA method that maximize
content and language objectives. Some
techniques that are usually use with this
approach are word walls, KWL charts , and
outlines.
- Language Experience
- The language experience approach is
based philosophically on the notion that
students' prior expreience needs to be
used as a bridge to new ideas and
concepts. allow students to understand
that whatever is said can also be written
as well as whatever written can also be
read. With this approach students talk
about person experiences and later used
as a reading text for the class.
- The language experience approach is
based philosophically on the notion that
students' prior expreience needs to be
used as a bridge to new ideas and
concepts. allow students to understand
that whatever is said can also be written
as well as whatever written can also be
read. With this approach students talk
about person experiences and later used
as a reading text for the class.
- Balanced Reading
- The balanced reading apporach is based on evidence that
children do not learn to read in only one way, but individual
variation in literacy development is normal. This appoarch
instruction should be tailored to each child's preferred initial
reading. This apporach combines phonics instruction with
reading authentic texts that includes both stories and
informational writing.
- The balanced reading apporach is based on evidence that
children do not learn to read in only one way, but individual
variation in literacy development is normal. This appoarch
instruction should be tailored to each child's preferred initial
reading. This apporach combines phonics instruction with
reading authentic texts that includes both stories and
informational writing.
- Process Writing
- The process of writing in the CALLA book talks
about how students learn that writing involves
thinking, reflection, and multiple revisions. I can
use this apporach by modeling the writing process. I
can thinkng out loud about there ideas and write
them down. Then organize them, create a draft,
read over it, and make revisions. Then allow the
students to make comments and revise it again.
This let the students learn to write by discussions,
sharing, and conferencing within the class.
- The process of writing in the CALLA book talks
about how students learn that writing involves
thinking, reflection, and multiple revisions. I can
use this apporach by modeling the writing process. I
can thinkng out loud about there ideas and write
them down. Then organize them, create a draft,
read over it, and make revisions. Then allow the
students to make comments and revise it again.
This let the students learn to write by discussions,
sharing, and conferencing within the class.
- Cooperative Learning
- Cooperative learning is based on
students working in carefully selected
and organized groups on learning tasks
that are structured. This task allows
multiple opportunities for students to
engage in active practice of language and
content within a social conext. Setting up
cooperative activities makes it possible
for students to help each other
understand and complete a task.
- Cooperative learning is based on
students working in carefully selected
and organized groups on learning tasks
that are structured. This task allows
multiple opportunities for students to
engage in active practice of language and
content within a social conext. Setting up
cooperative activities makes it possible
for students to help each other
understand and complete a task.
- Inquiry
- The inquiry approach is based on learner
centered activities in which the students
construct understanding of ideas and
relationships. This approach allows students to
move through an inquiry cycle designed to help
them learn from experiences instead of teacher
and textbook.
- The inquiry approach is based on learner
centered activities in which the students
construct understanding of ideas and
relationships. This approach allows students to
move through an inquiry cycle designed to help
them learn from experiences instead of teacher
and textbook.
- Communicative
- Communicative approach is based on
student centered emphasis on
communication and meaningful acqusition of
knowledge. It is a shelter instruction
methods that focus on hands-on activites,
scaffolding, cooperative learning, and
guarded vocabulary.
- Communicative approach is based on
student centered emphasis on
communication and meaningful acqusition of
knowledge. It is a shelter instruction
methods that focus on hands-on activites,
scaffolding, cooperative learning, and
guarded vocabulary.
- Standards-Based Instruction
- Standards-based instructions approach is based on
the national and/or state standards for each content
subject area. It identifies what the students should be
able to do or know at each grade level. The standards
for ESL are based on the TESOL standards which are
broken into grade level clusters ans well as level of
language proficiency. The state standards are a clear
understanding of what I should be teaching in each
content subject at each grade level.
- Standards-based instructions approach is based on
the national and/or state standards for each content
subject area. It identifies what the students should be
able to do or know at each grade level. The standards
for ESL are based on the TESOL standards which are
broken into grade level clusters ans well as level of
language proficiency. The state standards are a clear
understanding of what I should be teaching in each
content subject at each grade level.
- Grammatical
- An approach is a philosophical orientation to
instruction that serves as a guide for
choosing among methods that considered to
be consistent with the tenets of the theory
and scientifically based research that
ground the philosophy.
- Methods
- A method is a framework that has specific strategies and
techniques associated with it; a method constitutes one
translation of an approach into professional practice.
- Grammar Translation
- The grammar translation focus on grammatical accuracy
during the eighteenth century. The teachers would first give
the students the language rules and have the students to
memorize a list of vocabulary words. The students will apply
the language rules and exceptions, as well as the vocabulary
terms to the translation of written text. The grammar
translation method is apart of the grammar approach. It
remians me of giving students spelling words to memorize.
Do they really understand the words and can use them or did
they just remember them for the test.
- The grammar translation focus on grammatical accuracy
during the eighteenth century. The teachers would first give
the students the language rules and have the students to
memorize a list of vocabulary words. The students will apply
the language rules and exceptions, as well as the vocabulary
terms to the translation of written text. The grammar
translation method is apart of the grammar approach. It
remians me of giving students spelling words to memorize.
Do they really understand the words and can use them or did
they just remember them for the test.
- Auduolingual
- The auduolingual is also apart of the grammar
approach. It was created during the World War II
because U.S. troops who where overseas needed a
quick way of learning foreign languages. This method
was based on pattern drills and dialogue designed to
develop grammatical structures and vocabulary in a
highly sequential manner. They viewed language
acquisition as the recall and memorization of the
language patterns.
- The auduolingual is also apart of the grammar
approach. It was created during the World War II
because U.S. troops who where overseas needed a
quick way of learning foreign languages. This method
was based on pattern drills and dialogue designed to
develop grammatical structures and vocabulary in a
highly sequential manner. They viewed language
acquisition as the recall and memorization of the
language patterns.
- ICB
Integrated
Content-Baed
- The ICB method is a means of providing content-based second language instruction using
academic thematic units. This method is grounded in the communication approach. A ICB unit is
based on a central topic, idea, or theme. It is a set of related learning activities and experiences
that allows students to recieve comprehensible input to assist the mastery of key content
concepts while learning the language necessary for academic success. When choosing a topic or
content, I have to make sure that it is promotes the students cognitive and linguistic abilities and
gives them the opportunity to incorporate a four domains of speaking listening, reading, and writing.
- The ICB method is a means of providing content-based second language instruction using
academic thematic units. This method is grounded in the communication approach. A ICB unit is
based on a central topic, idea, or theme. It is a set of related learning activities and experiences
that allows students to recieve comprehensible input to assist the mastery of key content
concepts while learning the language necessary for academic success. When choosing a topic or
content, I have to make sure that it is promotes the students cognitive and linguistic abilities and
gives them the opportunity to incorporate a four domains of speaking listening, reading, and writing.
- SIOP
Sheltered
Instruction
Observation
Protocol
- SIOP was designed to provide an explicit and consistent framework to
identify effective practices for sheltered instructions. This method of is
apart of the communication approach. It is the most comprehensive form
of sheltered instruction because it goes beyond techniques and
strategies to include the major indicators of well-developed lessons for
CLD students. It is a well develop lesson plan that gives the students the
ability to practice all of the four domains and as well as practice with
hands-on material with a clear explanations of the academic task, learn
key vocabulary, and receive ongoing feedback with formal and informal
assessments.
- SIOP was designed to provide an explicit and consistent framework to
identify effective practices for sheltered instructions. This method of is
apart of the communication approach. It is the most comprehensive form
of sheltered instruction because it goes beyond techniques and
strategies to include the major indicators of well-developed lessons for
CLD students. It is a well develop lesson plan that gives the students the
ability to practice all of the four domains and as well as practice with
hands-on material with a clear explanations of the academic task, learn
key vocabulary, and receive ongoing feedback with formal and informal
assessments.
- CALLA
- The CALLA method is designed to enrich the language that CLD students can use for
academic communication. It was designed to further the abilities to comprehend
various content areas and be successful in those subject areas. This method also focus
on the four literacy domains of speaking, listening, writing, and reading. It is broken
into 3 primary components; topic of major content, development on academic
language skills, and explicit instructions in the learning strategies. Explicit instruction
can be done by scaffolding a lesson.
- The CALLA method is designed to enrich the language that CLD students can use for
academic communication. It was designed to further the abilities to comprehend
various content areas and be successful in those subject areas. This method also focus
on the four literacy domains of speaking, listening, writing, and reading. It is broken
into 3 primary components; topic of major content, development on academic
language skills, and explicit instructions in the learning strategies. Explicit instruction
can be done by scaffolding a lesson.
- Grammar Translation
- A method is a framework that has specific strategies and
techniques associated with it; a method constitutes one
translation of an approach into professional practice.
Anexos de mídia
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