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4684014
ESL Approaches & Methods
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ESL Approaches & Methods
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esl
approaches
methods
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sgv
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sgv
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ESL Approaches & Methods
APPROACHES
Approach - guide for choosing methods that are consistent in theory and research; broadest category.
Grammatical Approach
teacher-centered emphasis
language acquired most efficiently through memorizing language rules and patterns
Grammar-Translation Method
emphasis on development of grammar, writing, reading
oral development has less emphasis
grammar rules taught as a whole rather than parts
Direct Method
total focus on L2
includes open-ended responses
Audiolingual Method
grammar is taught through a sequenced plan
little use of L1
emphasis on drill and repetitive practice
Cognitive Approach
learner-centered empahsis
focus on explicit teaching of learning strategies
CALLA
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
focus on L! and L2 CALP development
focus on prior knowledge
developmentally appropriate language instruction
explicit instruction in: metacognitive, cognitive, social/affective learning strategies
Communicative Approach
student-centered emphasis
learning through communication, constructivism, and social interaction
Silent Way Method
teacher talk and modeling
repetition and signals provide reinforcement
rarely content-based
Natural Way Method
L1 is acceptable
comprehensible input is important
minimal error correction
not always content-based
Suggestopedia Method
relaxed physical evidence
minimal error correction
uses L1 for explanations
not always content-based
Integrated-Content Based Method
emphasis on L2 development
emphasis on content and language integration
thematic units integrated
Sheltered Instruction Method
grade-level modified curriculum
scaffolding
cooperative learning, visuals, and guarded vocabulary
METHODS
Method - framework for specific strategies and techniques; one translation of an approach.
Anexos de mídia
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