Presidents in Civil rights

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A mind map showing key roles of the Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson regarding the progress of Civil rights from 1945-68.
Thomas Williams
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Presidents in Civil rights
  1. Harry Truman (1945-53)
    1. executive order 9981 - military desegregation - 1948

      Anotações:

      • Desegregated the military, he ensured intergration in the korean war. Politicised blacks.
      1. 'to secure these rights' 1947

        Anotações:

        • public support of civil rights published in 1947, wanted lynching to be a criminal offence, for interstate bus travel to be desegregated (Morgan V Virginia de jure change the previous year) etc.
      2. Dwight Eisenhower (1953 -61)
        1. Little rock - 1957

          Anotações:

          • Following Brown vs Board 1954, Eisenhower had to federalize the town of Little Rock in order to protect black students attending Central high in order to desegregate the school from lynch mobs and violence from white protesters.
          1. Civil Rights act 1957

            Anotações:

            • Voting rights went up from 3% to 25%. Still many limitations such as literary tests and the grandfather clause preventing 3/4's of the black population from voting.
            1. Appointment of Earl Warren

              Anotações:

              • Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as chief justice of the supreme court who focused on civil rights cases such as Brown V Board, radically pro-civil rights. Eisenhower once stated that he didn't realize how radical Warren was in terms of civil rights.
            2. John. F. Kennedy (1961-1963)
              1. Promised a Civil Rights act

                Anotações:

                • Assainated before he could even propose it to congress. Followed out by Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
                1. Preoccupied with the cold war
                  1. Ignored Albany 1961-62
                  2. Lyndon Johnson (1963 - 1969)
                    1. Civil Rights act 1964

                      Anotações:

                      • outlawed Jim crow in public facilities e.g parks, any segregated schools would not receive funding etc.
                      1. Civil Rights act 1968

                        Anotações:

                        • Equal housing act
                        1. Voting Rights act 1965

                          Anotações:

                          • Removed obstacles for black voters such as literacy tests. grandfather clause, demand for ID ect.
                          1. Refused to pass economic equality bill in 1968 following 'Poor Peoples Campaign'
                            1. Preoccupied with Vietnam

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