Enzymes I

Descrição

Biochemistry Mapa Mental sobre Enzymes I, criado por hardinbc em 21-01-2014.
hardinbc
Mapa Mental por hardinbc, atualizado more than 1 year ago
hardinbc
Criado por hardinbc quase 11 anos atrás
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1

Resumo de Recurso

Enzymes I
  1. Properties
    1. Proteins
      1. Work @ physiological conditions

        Anotações:

        • Low temperature, neutral pH, atmospheric pressure, aqueous environment
        1. Efficient
          1. Active site
          2. Specific

            Anotações:

            • A separate binding site determines the specificity of serine proteases.
            • Chymotrypsin - large hydrophobic substrates Trypsin - (+) substrates Elastase - small substrates (glycine)
            1. Due to conformation
              1. Active site
                1. Where substrate binds
              2. Stereospecific
              3. Regulated
                1. Coenzymes

                  Anotações:

                  • Non-protein parts of the enzymes
                  1. Vitamins

                    Anotações:

                    • Vitamins are precursors to coenzymes
                    1. Thaimin (B1)
                      1. Thiamine pyrophosphate
                        1. Aldehyde transfer
                          1. Covalent intermediate w/ keto groups
                          2. deficiency
                            1. Beriberi
                        2. Riboflavin (B2)
                          1. Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
                            1. Redox
                              1. Deficiency
                                1. Cheliosis and angular stomatitus, dermatitus
                            2. Pyridoxine (B6)
                              1. Pyridoxal Phosphate
                                1. Group transfer to/from AAs
                                  1. Covalent complexes w/ amino groups
                                  2. Deficiency
                                    1. Depression, confusion, convulsion
                                2. Nicotin acid (niacin)
                                  1. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
                                    1. Redox
                                      1. Deficiency
                                        1. Pellagra
                                        2. Used by alcohol dehydrogenases to abstract H from alcohols
                              2. Classes
                                1. Oxidoreducatases
                                  1. Oxidation-reduction
                                    1. lactate dehydrogenase
                                  2. Transferases
                                    1. Group transfer
                                      1. NMP Kinase
                                    2. Hydrolases
                                      1. Hydrolysis Rxns
                                        1. Chymotrypsin

                                          Anotações:

                                          • Mechanism of Chymotrypsin: First, the subtrate binds.
                                          • Next, histidine activates serine for nucleophilic attack.
                                          • After that, the oxyanion tetrahedral intermediate is stabilized by H-bonds.
                                          • Then, the cleavage of the peptide bond occurs.
                                          1. Serine protease
                                            1. Hydrolyzes peptide bonds
                                      2. Lyases
                                        1. Addition/removal of groups to form double bonds
                                          1. Fumarase
                                        2. Isomerases
                                          1. Isomerization
                                            1. Triose phosphate isomerase
                                          2. Ligases
                                            1. Ligation of two substrates at the expense of ATP hydrolysis
                                              1. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
                                          3. Catalysis
                                            1. Orientation/proximity
                                              1. Induced fit model
                                              2. General acid/base catalysis
                                                1. Nucleophilic catalysis
                                                  1. Stabilize transition state
                                                    1. Metal ion catalyst

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