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50930
SUPERPOWER COUNTRY? BRITISH EMPIRE
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Geography (SUPERPOWERS) Mapa Mental sobre SUPERPOWER COUNTRY? BRITISH EMPIRE, criado por beth.nightingale em 19-04-2013.
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geography
superpowers
geography
superpowers
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beth.nightingale
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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beth.nightingale
mais de 11 anos atrás
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SUPERPOWER COUNTRY? BRITISH EMPIRE
Background
At its peak, the largest formal empire in the world
Began in 1583 with England claiming Newfoundland off the coast of Canada
Captain Cook discovered Australia in 1770 and claimed it for the empire. India and parts of Asia soon followed
USA declared independence in 1776
By 1922, controlled over 458 million people (25% population) and covered more than 13000000 square miles
After WW2, England declared bankrupt and had to release most of remaining colonies
What forms of power did Britain have over its colonies and how did it maintain and achieve this?
Military Power
Indian rebellion against growing British influence in 1857. British forces quelled this and took full control of the country
Royal Navy dominated the high seas from 1700 to 1930 providing a link to overseas colonies. Acted as a "keep-off" symbol of strength
Slavery/Raw Materials
Tea from India, sugar from Caribean, cotton from Canada
What were the implications of Britain's power for other nations outside the empire?
Trade - England and Holland began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia in 16th century
Provided competition for Indian Spice market and the East India Company was created by Britain to extract naximum profit
Conflict - England, Portugal, Holland sided against Spain and France in the war of the Spanish Succession in 1714
Britain won and gained new colonies such as Gibraltar
Why did Britain's power decline?
Effectively bankrupt after WW2. Cannot support the empire as before.
Anti-colonial movements grow (India) and some are granted independence
Focus on post-war reconstruction sees majority of colonies independent by 1970
LEGACY
It retains 14 overseas territories including the Falkland Islands
The Commonwealth - an association of 52 former British colonies which consult and cooperate in the promotion of international understanding
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