4.1 Acids, Bases and Neutralisation

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AS - Level Chemistry (4 - Acids and Redox) Mapa Mental sobre 4.1 Acids, Bases and Neutralisation, criado por Bee Brittain em 11-04-2016.
Bee Brittain
Mapa Mental por Bee Brittain, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Bee Brittain
Criado por Bee Brittain mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

4.1 Acids, Bases and Neutralisation
  1. Acids
    1. All contain hydrogen in their formulae
      1. When dissolved in water, release hydrogen ions as protons H+ into the solution
        1. Hydrogen chloride gas releases H+ ions as is dossolves in water
          1. HCl (g) + aq --> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
        2. Strong and Weak Acids
          1. Strong Acid
            1. Releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions
              1. Fully Dissociates
                1. E.g/ Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
                2. Weak Acid
                  1. E.g/ Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH)
                    1. Releases only a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions
                      1. Partially Dissociates
                    2. Bases and Alkalis
                      1. Bases
                        1. Metal Oxides
                          1. Metal Hydroxides
                            1. Metal Carbonates
                              1. Ammonia (NH3)
                                1. A base neutralises an acid to form a salt
                                2. Alkalis
                                  1. An alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution
                                    1. Sodium Hydroxide releasing hydroxide ions as it dissolves in water
                                      1. NaOH (s) + aq --> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
                                  2. Neutralisation
                                    1. In neutralisation of an acid, H+ ions react with a base to form a salt and neutral water
                                      1. H+ ions from the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base
                                      2. Neutralisation of Acids with Metal Oxides and Hydroxides
                                        1. Acid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + Water
                                          1. Acid + Metal Hydroxide --> Salt + Water
                                            1. Neutralisation of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid by Copper(II) oxide to form a salt and water only
                                              1. CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) --> CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
                                                1. CuO (s) + 2HCl (aq) --> CuCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
                                              2. Alkalis
                                                1. Reactants in solution
                                                  1. Acid + Alkali --> Salt + Water
                                                    1. Ionic Equation
                                                      1. H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) --> H2O (l)
                                                    2. Neutralisation of acids with Carbonates
                                                      1. Acid + Metal Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
                                                        1. Neutralisation of two carbonates by sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid
                                                          1. ZnCO3 (s) + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2
                                                            1. MgCO3 + 2HCl (aq) --> MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

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