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5495583
Food & Environment
Descrição
food and environment
Sem etiquetas
food
environment
global
Mapa Mental por
Tc Chau
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Tc Chau
aproximadamente 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Food & Environment
Impact of food production on the environment
ploughing
sewing seeds
fertilizers
farm machinery
transporting crops and final products
washing
manufacturing
packaging
Global temperature may rise by 4C by end of century. (IPCC, 2007)
Impact of food production greenhouse gas (GHG) emission
modern food system depends on fossil fuels- natural gas for fertilisers and oil for farming machinery
EU- 10%
UK -22%
Ireland- 28%
due to large number of ruminant livestock
Livestock provides 18% of all GHG emission
Key green house gases (GHG)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)- 85% of UKs global warming contribution
Methane (CH4)- digestion of cellulose, global warming potential 23x higher than CO2
Nitrous oxide (N2O)- from land fertlisers, 296x higher than CO2
Flurocarbons- used in refrigeration
world per capita meat consumption has double since 1960s
Impact of food production on water usage
85% global freshwater consumption for agriculture
5000L virtual water consumed per head per day
Maize- 900m3 per tonne
Wheat- 1300m3 per tonne
Husked rice- 3000m3 per tonne
Coffee- 20,000m2 per tonne
Beef- 15,000m2 per tonne
Water in food manufacturing
as a product (bottled, juice)
Processing: boiling, washing, cleaning, steaming
8-15% of all water used in industry in Europe
Impact of food production on soil quality
soil highly, complex mix of small rock particles, organic matter, water, bacteria, nematodes, fungi and water vapour
takes 3000- 12000 years to produce enough soil to form productive land
intensive farming has depleted soil quality- minerals
poorly irrigated/ drained land leads to build up of salt- poison soil
Soil erosion
over cultivation/ over grazing can break down physical structure of the soil
as can wind/ water erosion
16% total land area of EU affected by soil degradtion
ploughing is a major contributor to soil erosion
new low impact system. e.g no till (tickles the soil just enough to plant seed)
Impact of food production on biodiversity
depletion of plants and animal
destruction of habitats loss of genetic diversity
vulnerability to pests and disease
loss of potential food and medical crops
decline in variability in ecosystem
Energy and oil
developed countries 10-14% total energy used is in food production
oil predominant fuel in food production
1/2 energy to process and produce food comes from oil
prices likely to rise in real terms by 35% by 2035 - with currently rise in food price
Food miles
distance food travels within the UK +50% in 20 years
Air transport uses 37x more fuel than shipping
Road freight uses 4x the energy of rail
In 2000, the average food item in the US had travelled 2400-3200km
Impact of environmental change on food production
not just food production which effects the environment
changes in environment are and will continue to affect food production
rise in ground level temperature
may see increase yields of some crop + decrease
erratic weather patterns and rainfall could cause crop failures
Food production impact on the environment
energy- oil
GHG
land clearance
biodiversity
soil quality
water availability
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