5536854
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Hannah Grinnall, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Hannah Grinnall
mais de 8 anos atrás
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Genetics
- Cloning
- Dolly the sheep- first mamal to
be cloned, 277 attempts, cell
from 6y/o sheep, injected cell
into unfetilised egg from
different sheep and fused,
then implanted after a week
into another sheep.
- Dolly mated
and produced
normal
offspring but
suffered with
arthritis and
lung tumor so
was euthanised
at 6.5 y/o
average age of
sheep =12
- Dolly mated
and produced
normal
offspring but
suffered with
arthritis and
lung tumor so
was euthanised
at 6.5 y/o
average age of
sheep =12
- Strengths
- may
allow us
to clone
organs
for
transplant
- may enable to
save species
from dying out
- may be able to
clone food and
stop starvation
- scientists believe
childless couple will
be able to have
child (clone)
- may
allow us
to clone
organs
for
transplant
- Weaknesses
- scientists may have
God complex
- took nearly 300 attempts
to create Dolly, wouldn't be
acceptable for humans
- clone seen as property
of parents or person in
own right?
- Dolly only lived half normal
life, would this be
acceptable for humans?
- may lead to complicated
family relations e.g. wife
gives birth to clone of
husband is her brother in law
- scientists may have
God complex
- Dolly the sheep- first mamal to
be cloned, 277 attempts, cell
from 6y/o sheep, injected cell
into unfetilised egg from
different sheep and fused,
then implanted after a week
into another sheep.
- Stem Cell Research
- Toti-potent- early
embryo cells can
become any body cell
- Pluri-potent- adults
stem cells can become
various cells but not all
- Adult stem cells can be taken
from adult, child or placenta
without harm. cells from
embryo destroys the embryo
- hope stem cells can be used to
cure diseases like Parkinson's,
cancer and possibly spinal
chord injuroes
- hope stem cells can be used to
cure diseases like Parkinson's,
cancer and possibly spinal
chord injuroes
- Lancet (2006)- patients own cells
had been used to grow and replace
bladders in children suffering from
Spina Bifida. Not stem cells but
more specialised cells can only grow
into bladders. was successful and
improved quality of life.
- anti-rejection drugs not
needed as was own cells
- anti-rejection drugs not
needed as was own cells
- Issues
- say it's not
necessary to use
embryonic stem
cells as they can
cause cancer
- adult stem cells can be found in
umbilical chord blood and placenta
blood as well as other organs. so
why use embryonic and destroy?
- Adult stem cells have been
successful whereas embryonic is
still theoretical, benefits are years
away. adult stem cells overcome
immune rejction
- with animal rights
issues and problem
with testing adults
looks like embryonic
will be used more for
pharmaceutical testing.
is this ethical?
- say it's not
necessary to use
embryonic stem
cells as they can
cause cancer
- Toti-potent- early
embryo cells can
become any body cell
- Genetically Modified Crops
- plant used in agriculture,
the DNA has been
modified using genetic
engineering techniques
- e.g. insect resistant technology in cotton
and corn to increase yield from reduced
pest damage, half of cotton in China
(2002) was toxic to cotton bollworm due
to GM, so reduced use of pesticides
- e.g. insect resistant technology in cotton
and corn to increase yield from reduced
pest damage, half of cotton in China
(2002) was toxic to cotton bollworm due
to GM, so reduced use of pesticides
- Strengths
- can potentially produce higher crop yields
- reduces need for
pesticides and
herbicides
- improved
food
quality
- can withstand weather fluctuations
- allow food to
contain more
vitamins for
health
- can eradicate
some crop
diseases
- can potentially produce higher crop yields
- Weaknesses
- as all crops have same DNA if
different disease comes it'll
wipe out whole crop
- unknown health effects
- may trigger allergies if
taken from foods with
allergens, or create
new allergies
- removing a pest removes
food for another organism
- due to
pollination,
GM crops
may find
way to
organic
farms
- not natural- may
effect environment
and wildlife
- may not
be
successful
- as all crops have same DNA if
different disease comes it'll
wipe out whole crop
- plant used in agriculture,
the DNA has been
modified using genetic
engineering techniques
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