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55556
Chondricthyes - Cartilaginous Fish
Descrição
Vertebrate Zoology (Fish) Mapa Mental sobre Chondricthyes - Cartilaginous Fish, criado por Litty Carter em 24-04-2013.
Sem etiquetas
fish
vertebrate zoology
vertebrate zoology
fish
Mapa Mental por
Litty Carter
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Litty Carter
mais de 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Chondricthyes - Cartilaginous Fish
Paleozoic Radiation
Amphystylic jaw support
Chondrocranium fixed to palatoquadrate
Body supported - Notochord + neural arches and cartilage
Paired fins - fixed (no rotation)
Limited scales
3 cusped teeth
Tooth whorl - lots of new teeth developing, rotation to the front then falling out
present in all extant sharks
Mesozoic Radiation
Hybodonts
Heterodont dentition - posterior teeth
In batteries - several teeth whorl
Pectoral fins rotate - not fixed
Ceratotrichia
Proteinaceous flexible fin rays
Curve base to tip and front to back
Produce lift and stability - greater thrust and counteract sinking
Amphistylic jaw support
Terminal mouth
Extant radiation - sharks skate and rays (elasmobranchs)
Solid, calcified vertebrae
thicker, complex enamel teeth
Ventral mouth - overhanging rostrum
From Triassic and earlier. Jurassic and cretaceous genera still here
~815 spp - all marine
Cartilaginous skeleton
Tails
Heterocercal - vertabrae extend into lobe
Epicercal - Upper caudal lobe larger
Hypocercal - Lower caudal lobe larger
Placoid scales - modified to form teeth
Lateral line system - sensory
Ampullae of Lorenzini
Electroreceptors in head and pectoral fins
Pits below epidermis containing conductive glycoprotein
SHARKS
~360 spp 2 lineages(poss4+)
SQUALOIDS (basking sharks, megamouth)
Deep cold water
GALEOIDS (Requiems, hammerheads)
warm shallow seas
Hyostylic Jaw Suspension
Cranial kinesis. Elastic ligaments
Platoquadrate teeth - recurved, stout, highly serrated
Reproduction
Internal fertilisation
Small numbers - well provisioned offspring
Lecithotropy - yolk in egg
Matrotrophy - reproductive tract
Oviparous - mermaid's purse
Ovoviparous - egg retention, eggs move to uterus, hatch & stay
Milky substance in uterus, pass through offsprings' mouth and gills for nourishment.
BATOIDS (skates and rays)
Skates - thick, paired dorsal fins, caudal fin, oviparous
Rays - whiplike, serrated dorsal barbs, viviparous
~456 spp -early divergence from sharks
Dorsoventrally flattened - bottom dwellers
Generating electricity
intracellular fluid 84mV -ve extracellular. Na+ exclusion. Smooth surface depolarises. Rough surface stays -84mV. Na+ flows -> +67mV
Teeth - flat crowned plates
Specialised mouth - mollusc and crustacean diet
enlarged pectoral fins - thrust
HOLOCEPHALIANS
~35spp
diverged from sharks ~360mya
Anatomically odd mix
Shark like & boney fish
ground dwelling, deep water.
Autostylic jaw - mixed diet, fused tooth plates
Oviparous - cephalic claspers
poisonous spines
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