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556025
B1 Biology
Descrição
The first module of the Year 10 Biology Higher tier. Key points from this module are bought together in a mind map. Suggested use for revision.
Sem etiquetas
biology
gcse
science
science
biology
gcse
Mapa Mental por
Emily Needham
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Mais
Menos
Criado por
Emily Needham
quase 11 anos atrás
549
32
2
Resumo de Recurso
B1 Biology
B1a Fitness and Health
Measuring Health
BMI (Body Mass Index)
Indicator of whether your weight is ideal or not in terms of your height
Weight (kg) divided by height (m squared)
Underweight= Below 18 Normal= 18-24 Overweight= 25-30 Obese= 30+
EAR (Estimated Average Requirement)
How much protein you require in your diet
Two protein types
Second Class (plants)
First Class (animals)
Kwashiorkor (protein deficiency disease)
Mass(kg)x 0.6
Obesity
Can cause...
Stroke
Cancer
Heart Disease
Arthritis
Type 2 diabetes
Blood Pressure
Systolic and Diastolic
Systolic= pressure created in arteries when heart contracts
Diastolic= pressure created in arteries when heart relaxes
Caused by....
Salt
smoking
Obesity
alcohol (long term)
lack of exercise
stress
saturated fat
promote LDL production
Causes plaque build up in arteries
LDL= bad cholesterol
Polyunsaturated fat
promotes HDL (good cholesterol)
stops plaque build up
B1b Non Infectious Disease
Cannot be caught by other organisms or be created by microbes
Causes...
mutations in DNA
Diet
Body parts disfunctional
reduce the risk by...
Exercise
Reducing alcohol intake
Healthy diet
Not Smoking
Healthy weight
Examples
Ricketts
Heart Disease
Cancer
Benign Tumour
passive
Less likely to spread
Malignant Tumour
aggressive
more likely to break up and spread
B1c Infectious Disease
Pathogens
Fungus
Bacteria
Virus
Protozoa
Organisms involved
Vector
Spreads disease without being affected
Host
organism affected by parasite
parasite
lives off another organism
Body defends against it by...
Tears
cillia and mucus
skin
scabs
stomach acid
Can be spread...
through the air
through breathing
Through touch
through bodily fluids
through ingestion
through water
through animals
B1d The Nervous System
The eye
Parts
Lens
Pupil
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Iris
Cilliary Muscle
suspensory ligament
Retina
fovea
optic nerve
Blind Spot
Monocular
Eyes on side
Wider field of view but less focusing
found in prey organisms
eg. rabbits, zebras and sheep
Binocular
eyes at front
good focusing and distance judgement as smaller field of view
eg. humans, lions and dogs
Correcting vision
Short sightedness
Concave lens corrects
Long Sightedness
convex lens creates
Nerves
Central Nervous system
Brain
Spinal chord
Neurones
Sensory
relay
motor
Voluntary actions
Involuntary actions
reflex arc
B1e Drugs
legal
Alcohol
Short term effects
Blurred vision
Impaired Speech, judgement and balance.
drowsiness and increased reaction times
long term effects
cirrhosis of the liver
brain damage
weight gain
fatty liver, heart disease, cancer etc.
tobacco
contains...
Carbon monoxide
heart rate increases
saturates red blood cells
not enough oxygen gets to cells
Nicotene
Addictive
increases heart rate
Particulates
collects in lung tissue
white cells ingest them and release enzyme
Enzyme damages alveoli
Leads to EMPHYSEMA
Tar
irritates airways
contains 1000s of chemicals
carcinogenic
destroys cillia
Illegal
Class...
A
heroin
cocaine
LSD
B
cannabis
amphetamines
C
tranquilisers eg. ketamin
painkillers
B1f Control
Body Temperature
37 degrees celcius
hot weather
Vaso dilation
blood vessels expand
lose body heat
heat lost by radiation
sweating cools skin
cold weather
Vaso constriction
blood vessels get smaller
keep body heat in
little heat loss from radiation
sweating stops
Blood Sugar levels
Insulin converts glucose to glycogen
Diabetes
Type 1
pancreas can't create insulin
Insulin Injections, pancreas stimulating drugs, balanced diet and exercise
Type 2
body's cells don't respond to insulin
Carbon Dioxide
breathing rate increases/ decreases depending on level of Carbon Dioxide in blood
B1g Plant growth
Plants respond to stimuli
PHOTOTROPISM (response to light)
shoots= positively phototrophic
roots= negatively phototrophic
Plants bend towards light because of auxins (plant hormones
GEOTROPISM (response to gravity)
Roots= positively Geotropic
Shoots= negatively geotropic
Uses of plant hormones
root hormone- helps new cuttings make roots
fruit ripening properly
control and break dormancy
B1h Variation and Inheritance
Characteristics
Genetic
Eye Colour
tongue rolling
Hair colour
Environmental
scars
language
Accent
Both
weight
sporting ability
intelligence
Genes and Chromosomes
humans have 23 matching pairs of chromosomes
made from DNA
thread like structures in a cells nucleus
Gene is a section of a chromosome
controls development of a characteristic
Genetic Variation
caused by...
mutations (change in base sequence)
gamete formation
fertilisation
Inheritance
Inheritance of gender
Male
carry XY chromosomes
A Sperm carrying a Y chromosome ferttilises an egg
Y chromosome carries SRY which causes testes to develop in an XY embryo
Female
A sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilises an egg
Carry XX chromosomes
Dominant and recessive alleles
genotypes and phenotypes
Inherited Disorders
homozygous= both alleles are the same
heterozygous= 2 different alleles
examples
Colour blindness
Huntingtons
Downs Syndrome
Cystic Fibrosis
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