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56784
Why so many Teleost fish?
Descrição
Vertebrate Zoology (Fish) Mapa Mental sobre Why so many Teleost fish?, criado por Litty Carter em 25-04-2013.
Sem etiquetas
fish
vertebrate zoology
vertebrate zoology
fish
Mapa Mental por
Litty Carter
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Litty Carter
mais de 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Why so many Teleost fish?
Key adaptations
Cycloid and ctenoid scales
Increased speed and mobility
Bony endoskeleton, matrix calcium phosphate
Gas filled pouch off esophagus (swim bladder, lungs)
Flattened scales
Mucus glands reduce drag
Homocercal tails
increased efficiency: gas reabsorption & secretion
Operculum: bony plate covering gills, attached muscles (ventilation)
Changes in jaw suspension
Progressive specialisation jaw musculature & skeletal
Tails and Scales
Tails
Heterocercal
Vertebrae into lobe
Upper caudal lobe larger: EPICERCAL
Lower caudal lobe larger: HYPOCERCAL
Homocercal
No vertebrae extension
Even lobes. Variety of shapes
Diphycercal
Vertebrae all the way to tip
Scales
Placoid
conical, tooth like
Ganoid
Diamond, ganoine + bone
Clycoid/Ctenoid
Thin, flexible, overlap
Circulation
Single cirulatory system
2 Chambered heart
Atrium -> Ventricles -> Gills
O2 into blood CO2 out
O2 rich -> Body -> Heart
Capillary bed drops in pressure
Swimming motion aids circulation
Gills
Increased SA - Lamellae/gill filaments
Increased gaseous exchange - ~80%
Countercurrent flow
Swim bladder/neutral buoyancy
Heavier than water so need to be more buoyant
Sharks - heterocercal tail
Fish - gas filled swim bladder
Physostomous - pneumatic duct
Gulp air - increased volume
Physoclistous - no pneumatic duct
Ovale valve open - O2 moves into blood
Both swim bladders have:
Gas gland
lactic acid - O2 release
Rete mirabile
capillary network
Osmotic regulation
Vertebrate kidney
Tubular nephrons. Salts, H2O metabolites
1st blood
Glomerulus
Ultrafiltrate
Processed
Glucose, amino acids & H2O
Remainder urine
Stenohaline
Tolerates moderate changes in salinity
Euryhaline
Tolerates large changes in salinity
Freshwater fish
Hyperosmolal
Lose salts (diffusion)
Gain water (osmosis)
Lots of dilute urine
Large Glomerulus
Chloride cells in gills uptake
Hyperosmotic regulator
Saltwater fish
Hyposmolal
Lose water, gain salts
Drink lots of sea water
Small glomerulus
Salt excretory glands
Hypo-osmotic regulator
Reproduction
Mass spawning e.g. cod
Elaborate courtship
Ovoparity, ovoviviparity and viviparity
Pelagic eggs: small, buoyant, transparent. Little yolk
Benthic eggs: larger, non-buoyant, adhesive & yolky
Some spp larval stage then metamorphosis e.g. eels
Migration
Catadromous
from fresh water to marine to spawn
Semelparity
Spawn and die
Iteroparity
Multiple breeding
Anadromous
Live in sea, FW to spawn
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