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65477
Energy Security and the future
Descrição
Geography Mapa Mental sobre Energy Security and the future, criado por gracering em 01-05-2013.
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geography
geography
Mapa Mental por
gracering
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
gracering
mais de 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Energy Security and the future
Future uncertainties
Oil can cause an economic catastrophe
Rise in global consumption
The possibility that we may have reached peak oil
The concentration of oil production in fewer countries
Oil wells are pumped dry
Unpredictable actions of OPEC
Factors contributing to Global energy uncertainty
Impact of rising living standards
Size of undiscovered reserves
Discovery of new technologies
Scale of switch towards renewables
Emergent economies' energy demands
Future performance of global economy
Scale of global population growth
Responses to increasing energy demands
Business as usual, if we do nothing, between now and 2030:
Primary energy will rise by 53%
55% increaase in CO2 emissions
Fossil fuels will remain dominant source
Demand for electricity rises
Electricity generation will account for 44% of CO2 emissions
Coal will provide the largest incremental source, majority in China
Over 70% increase in energy demand will come from LEDCs
Due to economic and population growth
Multi-energy Solution
Involves meeting future energy demands from a mixture of resources
Rich fuel mix is necessary to ensure energy security and to maintain an affordable supply
Controversial issue: Nuclear and Wind
Many different types of resources
Wind Farms in Anglesey
Solar - Cloudless skies in the Sahara
Landfill gas in the UK
Solar power in the Med
HEP at the Hoover Dam
Energy Conservation
Decreasing the amount of energy used
Individual/Organisation
Reduce costs
Maximise profits
Reduce emissions
Promote energy security
High on political agenda
Countries have targets to reduce emissions
Move to renewables
Cut energy requirements by increasing efficiency - Zero Energy Building Standards
Energy Insecurity & Political Tensions
Key to energy security
Making greatest use of domestic sources
Diversifying energy resources
Ensuring guarantees of imported energy
Greatest challenge
Increasing competition for energy
World falls into two camps: producers and consumers
Producers: Use energy as a tool, form partnerships like OPEC
Military tension around stress points
OIl and Conflict
Oil seen as a driving force in military action, e.g. Iraq
China in Africa - China competing with other nations to secure African oil
Most of the conflict in the world has been triggered by oil
Increase interest in remaining reserves
Middle East is a global energy hotspot
Meeting future energy needs
Stick and carrot- Emission controls
Emissions Controls
Kyoto Protocol
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
182 countries have signed up to the proposal
Not universally welcomed, especially to LDCs as they need to increase their emissions, rather than reduce them more.
Emissions Trading
Allows countries to sell their surplus savings to those who are over their limit on their carbon count.
Carbon emissions are tracked and can be traded.
Good arrangement for environmenntally conscientious countries
Some countries may seem to be let off of the hook
Green Taxes
Introduced with the aim of cutting the use of natural resources and encouraging waste recycling
For example, taxing of vehicles depending on the amount they emit
For example, removing stamp duty on carbon neutral homes
Increasing duty on diesel and raising air passenger duty
Radical New Technologies: Use of renewables and advances in technology
Offshore Wind Turbines
Costs 50% more than to do so on land
Wind speeds are generally double that than on land
Less visible and reduced noise pollution
Could interfere with radar and pose a threat to national security
Horns Rev, one of the largest in the world
Covers 20km squared
$270million to build
Generates 4000kW per hour
Carbon Storage
Involves capturing the carbon dioxide and burying it deep underground
Allows clean electricity to be produced from coal
Noone knows if it will really work, nor do they know whether it will stay underground
Expensive
Geothermal Energy
Free, inexhaustible and available day and night
No use of extra land and it is available in many parts of the world
Not easy to do, in many places it is too deep to extract, therefore making it expensive
Biofuels
Crops, trees and algae
A lot of processing is needed
New crops need to be developed, tailored specifically for fuel
Supply chains are costly
Can encourage deforestation and food shortages
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