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655403
Impact of War on the German People
Descrição
1939-1945
Mapa Mental por
lconn95544
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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lconn95544
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Impact of War on the German People
Morale and mood of the public
- People were not as patriotic as with WW1
- Lacked enthusiasm, no cheering
These didn't meet Hitlers expectations
Even early victories didn't lift morale much
October 1939-September 1940
Rapid defeat of Poland, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium did evoke some celebration though
Severe winter: coal shortages, partial breakdown of railway
Refusal of GB to make peace
Air Raids from GB began
Abandoned plan to invade GB
People were frustrated
Invasion of the USSR
SD Reports: People still depressed
Concerned that others are being treated better than some
Minimum food
Aware that the Russians are tough
Events: June 1941: Invasion of the Soviet Union - Failed to achieve a quick victory
November 1941: German Army had pushed Soviet Forces back
5th December 1941: Red Army launched a counter attack- forced German army back
11th December: War on the US.
19th December: Army Commander in Chief dismissed for failures of German Army
January 1942: An SD report: confidence beginning to erode
Summer 1942: Victories against British
Autumn 1942: German and Italian forces defeated in N. Africa
January 1943: German forces surrounded and had to surrender at Stalingrad
February 1943: 'Total War'
Propaganda
Depicted the soldiers as well equipped: Why would they ask for winter supplies?
It confirmed what the returning soldiers had said
Impact of the war
Workers:
More men had to be conscripted, though full scale conscription not implemented in the first two years
Efficient use of workers
Reduction of workers in consumer goods
Rise in numbers employed in munitions
Non essential workers released to military
Increase in production of armaments
Had to use avalble people and foreign workers:
'Decree on the Conversion of the whole German Economy onto a war footing'
Wage reductions, no overtime pay, but it wasn't popular so it had to be resorted in October 1939
Women
Queueing for food was common
1936-7, Regime modified position towards women
Pressure to be employed in industry
Hitler refused to employ more women in 1940
Married women with kids encouraged to leave employment
Women in work declined 39-41: 2.3 Million (39) 2.2 Million (41)
September 1939: 6,400,000 women in work
Made up 27% of the industrial labour force
Mobilised by the NS-F to harvest, prepare food parcels and home evacuated kids
NS- F taught women how to cope with wartime
Working hours increased
Incentives for families with conscripted men
Youth
Early stages of war: Not necessary to conscript young to help with war work yet
HJ activities continued: future soldiers so more emphasis on military
Shooting and excercises
BDM and HJ compulsory 1939
Expected to help with 'Winter Aid'
Set up camps- requistioned hotels for evacuees
Evacuation of children began in September 1940
Not compulsory but hard to opt-out of
Indoctrination was high prority
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