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721047
'State' Statements for Chemicals of life
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SL
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biology
chemistry of life
ib - 3
biology
chemistry of life
3
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IBMeganC
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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IBMeganC
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'State' Statements for Chemicals of life
the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including sulphur, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium
one role for each of the elements mentioned in 3.1.2
Sulphur (S): Found in certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine), allowing proteins to form disulphide bonds
Calcium (Ca): Found in bones and teeth, also involved in neurotransmitter release in synapses
Phosphorus (P): Component of nucleic acids and cell membranes
Iron (Fe): Found in haemoglobin (animals), allowing for oxygen transport
Sodium (Na): Involved in the generation of nerve impulses in neurons
one function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants
Animal
Glucose
A source of energy which can be broken down to form ATP via cellular respiration
Lactose
A sugar found in the milk of mammals, providing energy for suckling infants
Glycogen
Used by animals for short term energy storage (between meals) in the liver
Plant
Fructose
Found in honey and onions, it is very sweet and a good source of energy
Sucrose
Used primarily as a transportable energy form (e.g. sugar beets and sugar cane)
Cellulose
Used by plant cells as a strengthening component of the cell wall
three functions of lipids
Structure
Phospholipids are a main component of cell membranes
Storage of energy
Triglycerides can be used as a long-term energy storage source
Protection
Triglycerides may form a tissue layer around many key internal organs and provide protection against physical injury
names of the four bases in DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosin
in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP
that photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy
chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment
light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours
light energy is used to produce ATP, and to split water molecules (photolysis) to form oxygen and hydrogen
ATP and hydrogen (derived from the photolysis of water) are used to fix carbon molecules to make organic molecules
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