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846938
Oceans on the Edge
Descrição
Mapa Mental sobre Oceans on the Edge, criado por lizzielovell10 em 08-05-2014.
Sem etiquetas
geography
Mapa Mental por
lizzielovell10
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
lizzielovell10
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Oceans on the Edge
Threats to Coral Reefs
Global Warming
warmer oceans= algae unable to survive
Leads to coral bleaching which upsets the cycle of coral
Fishing
Blast fishing
Some fishing methods are purely destructive such as using explosives
For Aquariums
upsets food web unless carefully controlled
Many tropical countries poor + fish is part of diet
Population increase=added pressure
Coastal Development
Increased sediment in rivers
Disturbed ground
Erosion of loose soil
Pollutants into water
Tourism
major income source
water skiing, scuba diving + surfing cause disturbance
Resorts increase pollutants in lagoons
Affects of Overfishing on food webs
Whales hunted, populations falling fast
Affects population of fish + animals dependant on them
Krill
In demand for high protein value
Krill live off phytoplankton
consume CO2, produce half world's oxygen output
How Marine Food Webs are Disturbed
Eutrophication
Mainly caused by overuse of fertilisers
Too many nutrients in marine systems cause extreme algae growth
This blocks sunlight + removes oxygen from water
This damages coral reefs
In extreme cases, creates oxygen-depleted zones - 'dead' zones
Siltation
Happens when silt settles onto marine ecosystems
Sources of silt
erosion of farmland
deforestation
Urban Development
Silt enters sea via rivers
blocks out sunlight
marine plants can't photosynthesise
Can also smother seabed, destroying seafloor habitat
Contribution of Climate Change
Warming
Coral Bleeching
algae in coral are expelled so coral dies and turns white
Species Migration
Cold water loving species like cod migrate to new areas
Disrupts fishing
Sea-level rise
Changing light levels
Coastal flooding
Acidification
Coral and shellfish health
Calcium carbonate dissolves in acid water, shells + skeletons become weaker + harder to grow
Soufriere Bay, St Lucia
Local pressures
Growing Population
Tourism
Runoff and waste
Fishing
Conflicting Views
Local fishermen
Want to continue to fish + satisfy demand from tourists
Damaging + unsustainable fishing will reduce fish supply
Fishermen + tourists often use the same areas of reef
Tourists
Want a pristine reef
High numbers of tourists could damage ecosystem
Yacht owners + cruise ships
Need space to offload tourists
Waste thrown overboard, oil spills damage reefs
Local businesses
depend on tourism
want sea + reef kept natural + pristine to encourage tourists
More tourists=more damage
SMMA
Brought different groups together to resolve conflicts
Zoned the bay, conflicting activities given separate areas of bay
Marine reserves -off-limits to everyone
Locals trained to police the area
Tourist taxes used to pay for managements
North Sea, Northern Europe
EU common fisheries policy aims to conserve fish stocks
Quotas
Restrict catches
Restrict number of fishing boats
UK have fishing patrol boats, checking catch numbers
EU agreed to reduce dead fish catches
'No-take zones' introduced (fishing is banned)
On-going Problems
Fishing is not yet sustainable
Cod, haddock and whiting still need to recover
More, larger no-take zones are needed
Difficult to resolve issues between fishers, consumers + environment
Fishers need Income
Environ. needs sustainability
Consumers need fish
Anexos de mídia
krill (image/jpg)
Eutrophication (image/jpg)
pesticides (image/png)
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