Infection and Response

White blood cell response
1. White blood cells know if a substance is foreign
  1. Due to antigens
2. Lymphocytes make antibodies to fit antigens
  1. The antibodies stick to the pathogen
    1. Bacteria then clumps together
      1. The phagocyte engulfs this
3. Antitoxins
  1. White blood cells also produce antitoxins for defence
    1. Our antitoxins neutralise the pathogens toxins
Pathogens
1. Virus
  1. Attatchment: virus attatches to host
    1. Penetration: injects viral genetic material to host
      1. Uncoating: the viral DNA incorpoates to the hosts DNA
        Replication
        Assembly: new protein coats are assembled
        Release: The new virus' are released breaking tissues
  2. Measles
2. Fungi
  1. Rose black spot
    1. Black spots prevent photosynthesis
    2. Starts from the bottom and spreads up
    3. Common treatement is to remove infected leafs
3. Protist
  1. Malaria
    1. Transmitted by female mosquitos
    2. Symptoms include fever, sweating, fatigue, vomiting
    3. Long term affects are yellow skin, seizures, comas and death
4. Bacteria
  1. Gonorrhoea
    1. Transmitted through unprotected sex
    2. Treated through an antibiotic injection and tablet
    3. Prevented through contraception
    4. Symptoms include thick yellow discharge pain when urinating and blood between periods
  2. Salmonella
    1. Transmitted through eating contaminated food
    2. A type of food poisoning
    3. Symptoms include diahorroea vomiting & fever
    4. Prevented through cleanliness food & separation
Treatment & Prevention
1. Vaccine
  1. Injects a small amount of the dead pathogen into the human
    1. The body makes antibodies that are complementry to it
      1. Next time the bacteria enters the body it can fight it off much quicker
        It produces the antibodies in greater numbers and faster
2. Antibiotics
  1. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics
    1. Due to mutations
    2. They then multiply and cannot be destroyed by antibiotics
  2. Used to kill bacteria
3. Monoclonal antibodies
  1. Specific single clone of cells
    1. Targets certain cancers
    2. Diagnoses pregnancy
      1. Binds to HCG hormone
        Indicates pregnancy
Communicable diseases
1. Caused by micro organisms
  1. During incubation there are no symptoms
    1. While they do most harmful damage to cells you feel symptoms
      1. Then the immune system kicks in and the damage done decreases and so do symptoms
2. 1, Gain entry
  1. Colonise
    1. Resist defences
      1. Damage tissues

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	Criado por Abby Naughton mais de 7 anos atrás