910264
The Nazi dictatorship 1933-39
- The Reichstag Fire and March
election, 1933
- Events
- 27 Feb 1933: Reichstag burns down
- Marinus van der Lubbe (Dutch
Communist) arrested
- 5 Mar 1933: election held - Nazis 288 seats
- 27 Feb 1933: Reichstag burns down
- Results
- Communist party banned
- Introduction of laws
restricting personal liberty
- Nazis formed a coalition
with nationalists
- Hitler increased votes - no arch-rival
- Communist party banned
- Events
- The Enabling Act
- Followed policy of Gleichschaltung
"forcible coordination"
- Passed under intimidation in Mar 1933
- Gave Hitler right to rule for 4 years without Reichstag
- Lander destroyed and Germany centralised
- All other parties banned -
one-party dictatorship
- Trade unions banned
- Followed policy of Gleichschaltung
"forcible coordination"
- Night of the Long Knives, 1934
- Causes
- Army rivalled with SA
- SA pro-socialist - would lead to loss of support of industrialists
- Rohm threat to power + against Nazi
traditions (openly homosexual)
- Army rivalled with SA
- Events
- Deal reached with army
- 30 Jun 1934 - SS
assassinated 400 SA
rivals
- Deal reached with army
- Results
- Internal opposition removed
- When Hindenburg died, Hitler could
become Fuhrer
- Army + SS swore personal
allegiance to Hitler
- Internal opposition removed
- Causes
- Police state
- SS (Schutzstaffel) - Hitler's personal
bodyguard
- Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei) - secret police
- Use of terror tactics - torture,
intimidation + arrest
- Concentration camps for political prisoners -
Dachau, Buchenwald, Mauthausen,
Bergen-Belsen
- Strict identification systems in
concentration camps
- SS (Schutzstaffel) - Hitler's personal
bodyguard
- Methods of control
- Legal system
- Trial by jury abolished
- All judges + lawyers pro-Nazi
- People's Court set up to try
cases of treason
- Hitler made sentences harsher
- Trial by jury abolished
- Christianity
- Ideals significantly different
- Difficult to abolish due to
widespread nature
- 1933: Concordat signed with Pope - no
persecution of Catholics (overturned by 1937)
- Nazi Reich Church to replace
Protestantism led by Bishop Muller
- Pastor Niemoller - Confessional
Church, sent to concentration camp
- Ideals significantly different
- Legal system
- Censorship and propaganda
- Ministry of Enlightenment and Propaganda
headed by Josef Goebbels
- Newspapers censored by government
- Cheap radios manufactured for Germans to
listen to radio speeches
- Films pro-Nazi dealing with
Aryan themes
- Mass rallies held in Nuremberg
- Art, music, architecture
and theatre defined as
pro-Nazi
- 1936 Berlin Olympics propaganda event
promoting Aryanism
- Ministry of Enlightenment and Propaganda
headed by Josef Goebbels
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