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967620
BIOLOGY 4.2
Descrição
GCSE Biology Mapa Mental sobre BIOLOGY 4.2, criado por charl.mallon em 03-06-2014.
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biology
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biology
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Mapa Mental por
charl.mallon
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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charl.mallon
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Resumo de Recurso
BIOLOGY 4.2
Root hairs take in water by osmosis
Root hairs give the plant a large surface area for absorbing water from the soil
There's usually a higher concentration of water in the soil than in the plant, so water is drawn in to the root hair cell by osmosis
TRANSPIRATION
The loss of water from a leaf as it diffuses out of the stomata by evaporation
Creates a slight shortage of water in the leaf, so more water is drawn up from the rest of the plant through the xylem vessels
This means more water is drawn up from the roots & there is a constant transpiration stream
Benefits of transpiration stream/provides water for
Keeping the plant cool
Provides water for photosynthesis constantly
Creates turgor pressure - supports plant
Minerals needed by the plant can be brought in from the soil along with the water
Factors that increase transpiration:
Increased light
Stomata close in the dark: no photosynthesis, no CO2 needed, no water escaping
Increased temp
Water particles have more energy to evaporate & diffuse out of the stomata
Increased air movement
Windy: water vapour swept away, low conc of water outside leaf = lots of diffusion
DECREASED humidity
Humid air has lots of water in it - not a big difference in conc in/out = less diffusion
Leaf adaptations for reducing water loss
Waxy cuticle covering the upper epidermis
Makes the upper surface of the leaf waterproof
Stomata are found on the lower surface where it is darker & cooler
Slow diffusion of water out of the leaf
Stomata size & number
The more stomata, the more water loss
Fewer & smaller on the underside, none on upper epidermis
Transport vessels: xylem & phloem
Deliver water and nutrients to every part of the leaf
Help support leaf's structure
Take away glucose produced by photosynthesis
XYLEM vessels
Made of dead cells joined end to end with no end walls between them and a hole down the middle (lumen)
Thick side walls made of cellulose: strong & stiff - support
Carry water & minerals FROM the ROOTS up the shoot TO the LEAVES in the transpiration stream
PHLOEM tubes
Made of columns of living cells with perforated end plates to allow stuff to flow through
Transport food substances made with sugars both UP and DOWN the STEM - TO growing and storage TISSUES
This movement of food substances around the plant is known as TRANSLOCATION
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