Psychological Paradigms / Theoretical Perspectives - created from Mind Map

Behavioural Who? Effects of the environment on the overt behaviour of humans and animals Only observable events (stimulu-response relations) can be studies scientifically John B Watson Ivan Pavlov BF Skinner Psychology should study only observable behaviour Nature vs Nurture Pavlov's dogs Internal mental events could not be studied scientifically Repeat positive outcomes, not repeat negative/neutral outcomes Free will is an illusion

Wilhelm Wundt First research lab in Germany in 1879 Psychology should be the scientific study of conciousness

Structuralism vs Functionalism Structuralism: analyse consciousness into its basic elements: sensations, feelings, images Functionalism: investigate the purposes of consciousness Edward Titchner William James Darwin's theory of natural selection

Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Adler Unconscious: thoughts, memories and desires - influence on behaviour Personality, motivation and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behaviour and importance of sexuality

Humanistic Psychoanalytic & Behaviourism was dehumanizing Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth, and they are fundamentally different from animals Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow Treatments for psychological problems and disorders Human behaviour is governed primarily by each individuals sense of self or self-concept

Cognitive Human behaviour cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store and process information Study of cognitive development, language, problem solving Jean Piaget Noam Chomsky Herbert Simon

Applied Psychology Everyday, practical problems Professional services to the public

Clinical Psychology World War II Diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Biological Roger Sperry An organisms functioning can be explained in terms of bodily structures and biochemical processes that underlie behaviour James Olds David Hubek Torsten Wiesel Left and right sides of brain are specialised to handle different mental tasks

Cultural Diversity Advances in communication, travel and international trade The ethnic makeup of the Western world has become an increasingly diverse multicultural mosiac

Evolutionary Behavioural patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favours behaviours that enhance reproductive success David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Weilson, Lede Cosmides, John Tooby

Positive Psychology Martin Seligman Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative and fulfilling aspects of human existence Three areas of interest Too much time in psychology had been dedicated to pathology, weakness and damage, and ways to heal suffering Positive subjective experiences (positive emotions) Positive individual traits (personal strengths and virtues) Positive institutions and communities

Psychological Paradigms / Theoretical Perspectives