10366141
Descrição
Quiz por Ben Williams, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Ben Williams
aproximadamente 7 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
A drug name that is derived from the specific chemical structure of the compound. This name is not used clinically but is shortened in some way to form the drug’s more common name.
Responda
-
Chemical name
-
Generic name
-
Nonproprietary name
-
Trade name
Questão 2
Questão
The name applied to a drug, which is not protected by a trademark. Usually a shortened version of the drug's chemical name.
Responda
-
Generic Name
-
Trade Name
-
Proprietary Name
Questão 3
Questão
The name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company; it is protected by a trademark and used by the company for marketing the drug
Responda
-
Trade Name
-
Chemical Name
-
Generic Name
Questão 4
Questão
Drugs designated by the federal government as having increased potential for abuse and illegal use. These substances are grouped into five categories (schedules), with schedule I substances having the highest abuse potential and schedule V substances having a relatively low potential for abuse.
Responda
-
Controlled Substances
-
Orphan Drugs
-
Over-the-counter drugs (OTC)
Questão 5
Questão
The relationship between incremental doses of a drug and the magnitude of the reaction that those doses will cause.
Responda
-
Dose-response curve
-
Pharmacodynamics
-
Pharmacokinetics
-
Therapeutic index (TI)
Questão 6
Questão
The drug dose that produces a specific therapeutic response in 50 percent of the patients in whom it is tested.
Responda
-
Median effective dose (ED50)
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Median lethal dose (LD50)
-
Median toxic dose (TD50)
Questão 7
Questão
The drug dose that causes death in 50 percent of the experimental animals in which it is tested.
Responda
-
Median effective dose (ED50)
-
Median lethal dose (LD50)
-
Median toxic dose (TD50
Questão 8
Questão
The drug dose that produces a specific adverse response in 50 percent of the patients in whom it is tested.
Responda
-
Median effective dose (ED50)
-
Median lethal dose (LD50)
-
Median toxic dose (TD50)
Questão 9
Questão
A drug is prescribed to treat conditions other than those approved by the FDA.
Responda
-
Off-label prescribing
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Over-the-counter drugs (OTC)
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Orphan drugs
-
Pharmacodynamics
Questão 10
Questão
Drugs that are designed and approved to treat rare diseases. Because these drugs are only used in a small patient population (usually less than 200,000 people), financial and other incentives are often provided by various sources to encourage a drug company to develop and market the drug.
Responda
-
Orphan drugs
-
Over-the-counter drugs (OTC)
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Prescription Drugs
-
Controlled substances
Questão 11
Questão
The study of how drugs affect the body—that is, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of drug action
Responda
-
Pharmacodynamics
-
Pharmacogenetics
-
Pharmacokinetics
-
Pharmacotherapeutics
Questão 12
Questão
The study of the how genetic variability can influence drug responses and metabolism.
Responda
-
Pharmacodynamics
-
Pharmacogenetics
-
Pharmacokinetics
-
Pharmacotherapeutics
Questão 13
Questão
The study of how the body handles drugs—that is, the manner in which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.
Responda
-
Pharmacodynamics
-
Pharmacogenetics
-
Pharmacokinetics
-
Pharmacotherapeutics
Questão 14
Questão
The study of how drugs are used in the prevention and treatment of disease.
Responda
-
Pharmacodynamics
-
Pharmacogenetics
-
Pharmacokinetics
-
Pharmacotherapeutics
Questão 15
Questão
Therapeutic index (TI)
Responda
-
A ratio used to represent the relative safety of a particular drug; the larger the therapeutic index, the safer the drug. It is calculated as the median toxic dose divided by the median effective dose.
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A ratio used to represent the relative safety of a particular drug; the smaller the therapeutic index, the safer the drug. It is calculated as the median effective dose divided by the median toxic dose.
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A ratio used to represent the relative safety of a particular drug; the smaller the therapeutic index, the safer the drug. It is calculated as the median toxic dose divided by the median effective dose.
-
A ratio used to represent the relative safety of a particular drug; the larger the therapeutic index, the safer the drug. It is calculated as the median effective dose divided by the median toxic dose.
Questão 16
Questão
The extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation following administration by various routes.
Responda
-
Bioavailability
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First-pass effect
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Second-pass effect
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Systemic Effect
Questão 17
Questão
Buccal
Responda
-
Referring to the cheek
-
Referring to the chin
-
Referring to the tonque
-
Referring to the buccus
Questão 18
Questão
Administration of drugs by way of the alimentary canal.
Responda
-
Enteral administration
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Alimentary administration
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Parentral administration
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Intrathecal administration
Questão 19
Questão
The phenomenon in which drugs absorbed from the stomach and small intestine must pass through the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. Certain drugs undergo extensive hepatic metabolism because of their trip through the liver.
Responda
-
First-pass effect
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Liver effect
-
Bioavailability
Questão 20
Questão
Administration of substances within a sheath; typically refers to injection into the sub-arachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.
Responda
-
Intrathecal Administration
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Parenteral administration
-
Enteral administration
-
Sublingual administration
Questão 21
Questão
Administration of drugs by routes other than via the alimentary canal: by injection, transdermally, topically, and so on.
Responda
-
Parenteral administration
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Intrathecal administration
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Sublingual administration
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Enteral administration
Questão 22
Questão
Drugs administered under the tongue and are absorbed into the systemic circulation via the venous drainage.
Responda
-
Sublingual administration
-
Parenteral administration
-
Enteral administration
-
Intrathecal administration
Questão 23
Questão
A ratio used to estimate the distribution of a drug within the body relative to the total amount of fluid in the body. It is calculated as the amount of drug administered divided by the plasma concentration of the drug.
Responda
-
Volume of distribution
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Potency
-
Bioavailability
Questão 24
Questão
A series of enzymes located on the smooth endo-plasmic reticulum that are important in catalyzing drug biotransformation.
Responda
-
Drug microsomal metabolizing system
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Proton Pump
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Metabolites
Questão 25
Questão
Biochemical changes that occur to the drug within the body, usually resulting in the breakdown and inactivation of the drug
Responda
-
Biotransformation
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Half-Life
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Clearance
Questão 26
Questão
The process by which the active form of the drug is removed from the bloodstream by either metabolism or excretion.
Responda
-
Clearance
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Biotransformation
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Half-life
Questão 27
Questão
An enzyme located on the inner surface of many cell membranes; it is important in mediating biochemical changes in the cell in response to drug and hormone stimulation
Responda
-
Adenylate cyclase
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid
-
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Questão 28
Questão
A drug that binds to a receptor and causes some change in cell function
Responda
-
Agonist
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Antagonist
Questão 29
Questão
A drug that binds to a receptor but does not cause a change in cell activity
Responda
-
Agonist
-
Antagonist
Questão 30
Questão
Substances that bind to a cell receptor and alter the receptor’s affinity for specific drugs
Responda
-
Allosteric modulators
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G proteins
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Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Questão 31
Questão
The ring-shaped conformation of adenosine monophosphate, which is important in acting as a second messenger in mediating the intracellular response to drug stimulation.
Responda
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
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Adenylate cyclase
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
-
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Questão 32
Questão
A brief and transient decrease in the responsiveness of cellular receptors to drug effects.
Responda
-
Desensitization
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Down-regulation
Questão 33
Questão
A prolonged decrease in the number and/or sensitivity of drug receptors, usually occurring as a compensatory response to over stimulation of the receptor.
Responda
-
Desensitization
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Down-regulation
Questão 34
Questão
An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord.
Responda
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
-
Adenylate cyclase
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
-
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Questão 35
Questão
Bind with guanine nucleotides and regulate cell activity. They often serve as a link between surface receptors and ion channels or intracellular enzymes such as adenylate cyclase.
Responda
-
G proteins
-
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
-
Allosteric modulators
Questão 36
Questão
A drug that activates estrogen receptors on bone and vascular tissues, while blocking estrogen receptors on breast and uterine tissues. These drugs can be used to enhance bone mineralization and to prevent certain cancers.
Responda
-
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
-
Adenylate cyclase
Questão 37
Questão
A neurotransmitter in the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Principal synapses using this neurotransmitter include the skeletal neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, and certain pathways in the brain.
Responda
-
Acetylcholine
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Norepinephrine
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Aldosterone
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Dopamine
-
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Questão 38
Questão
A neurotransmitter that is important in certain brain pathways and in the terminal synapses of the sympathetic nervous system.
Responda
-
Norepinephrine
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Acetylcholine
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Aldosterone
-
Dopamine
-
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Questão 39
Questão
A steroid (mineralocorticoid) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidney to increase sodium reabsorption, thereby retaining sodium in the body.
Responda
-
Acetylcholine
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Norepinephrine
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Aldosterone
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Dopamine
-
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Questão 40
Questão
A neurotransmitter located in the central nervous system (CNS) that is important in motor control and in certain aspects of behavior. The presence of endogenous or exogenous ______ in the periphery also affects cardiovascular function.
Responda
-
Acetylcholine
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Norepinephrine
-
Aldosterone
-
Dopamine
-
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Questão 41
Questão
An enzyme that breaks down phosphodiester bonds in organic compounds. They are important clinically because they break down second messengers such as cyclic AMP, and drugs that inhibit these enzymes prolong the effects of cyclic AMP in the lungs and other tissues.
Responda
-
Acetylcholine
-
Norepinephrine
-
Aldosterone
-
Dopamine
-
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Questão 42
Questão
Refers to synapses or physiological responses involving epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Responda
-
Adrenergic
-
Cholinergic
-
Inotropic
Questão 43
Questão
Refers to synapses or physiological responses involving acetylcholine.
Responda
-
Adrenergic
-
Cholinergic
-
Inotropic
Questão 44
Questão
Refers to a substance that increases muscular contraction force (positive ____) or decreases contraction force (negative _____).
Certain cardiac drugs are considered positive _____ because they increase the force of cardiac contractions.
Responda
-
Inotropic
-
Adrenergic
-
Cholinergic
Questão 45
Questão
Drugs that decrease activity at acetylcholine synapses.
These agents are often used to diminish activity in the parasympathetic nervous system.
Responda
-
Anticholinergics
-
Sympatholytics
-
Anticoagulants
-
Fibrinolytics
Questão 46
Questão
Drugs that inhibit or antagonize function within the sympathetic nervous system.
Responda
-
Parasympatholytic
-
Sympatholytics
-
Anticoagulants
-
Fibrinolytics
-
Anticholinergics
Questão 47
Questão
Drugs that decrease the blood’s capacity to coagulate (clot).
Responda
-
Anticoagulants
-
Anticholinergics
-
Sympatholytics
-
Fibrinolytics
Questão 48
Questão
Drugs which facilitate the breakdown and dissolution of clots that have already formed. These drugs work by converting plasminogen (profibrinolysin) to plasmin (fibrinolysin).
Responda
-
Fibrinolytics
-
Anticoagulants
-
Sympatholytics
-
Anticholinergics
Questão 49
Questão
The clinical syndrome of bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability associated with neurotransmitter abnormalities within the basal ganglia.
Responda
-
Parkinson disease
-
Metabolic syndrome
-
Angina pectoris
-
Congestive heart failure
-
Hemophilia
Questão 50
Questão
A condition characterized by insulin resistance, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
Responda
-
Parkinson disease
-
Metabolic syndrome
-
Angina pectoris
-
Congestive heart failure
-
Hemophilia
Questão 51
Questão
Severe pain and constriction in the chest region, usually associated with myocardial ischemia.
Responda
-
Parkinson disease
-
Metabolic syndrome
-
Angina pectoris
-
Congestive heart failure
-
Hemophilia
Questão 52
Questão
A clinical syndrome of cardiac disease that is marked by decreased myocardial contractility, peripheral edema, shortness of breath, and decreased tolerance for physical exertion.
Responda
-
Parkinson disease
-
Metabolic syndrome
-
Angina pectoris
-
Congestive heart failure
-
Hemophilia
Questão 53
Questão
A hereditary disease in which an individual is unable to synthesize adequate amounts of a specific clotting factor.
Responda
-
Parkinson disease
-
Metabolic syndrome
-
Angina pectoris
-
Congestive heart failure
-
Hemophilia
Questão 54
Questão
A sudden fall in blood pressure that occurs when the patient stands erect; this is a frequent side effect of many medications.
Responda
-
Orthostatic hypotension
-
Hypertension
-
Arrhythmia
-
Hemostasis
-
Hyperlipidemia
-
Thrombus
Questão 55
Questão
A pathological condition characterized by a sustained, reproducible increase in blood pressure.
Responda
-
Orthostatic hypotension
-
Hypertension
-
Arrhythmia
-
Hemostasis
-
Thrombus
-
Hyperlipidemia
Questão 56
Questão
A significant deviation from normal cardiac rhythm that results in a heart rate that is slower or faster than normal, or irregular.
Responda
-
Orthostatic hypotension
-
Hypertension
-
Arrhythmia
-
Hemostasis
-
Thrombus
-
Hyperlipidemia
Questão 57
Questão
The process of preventing blood loss from the circulation following injury to blood vessels.
Responda
-
Hemostasis
-
Thrombus
-
Hyperlipidemia
-
Arrhythmia
-
Hypertension
-
Orthostatic hypotension
Questão 58
Questão
A blood clot formed by the activation of fibrin and platelets
Responda
-
Arrhythmia
-
Thrombus
-
Hemostasis
Questão 59
Questão
A chronic and excessive increase in plasma lipids in the blood.
Responda
-
Hyperlipidemia
-
Orthostatic hypotension
-
Hemostasis
-
Hypertension
-
Arrhythmia
Questão 60
Questão
A protein produced in the brain that helps sustain neuronal activity and growth.
It may be important in mediating the effects of antidepressants and other CNS drugs.
Responda
-
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
-
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
-
G-Protein
Questão 61
Questão
An enzyme that degrades levodopa to an inactive metabolite in the bloodstream and other tissues.
Certain drugs (e.g. carbidopa) can protect levodopa so that it is not degraded prematurely in patients with Parkinson disease.
Responda
-
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
-
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
-
Acetylcholinesterase
-
Levodotransferase
Questão 62
Questão
A feeling of extreme motor restlessness and an inability to sit still; may occur because of antipsychotic drug therapy.
Responda
-
Akathisia
-
Dyskinesia
-
Tardive dyskinesia
-
Epilepsy
Questão 63
Questão
An involuntary movement ranging from minor tremors and tics to severe uncoordinated movements of the trunk and extremities.
These involuntary movements are associated with certain movement disorders and can also be a side effect of specific medications, such as antiparkinson drugs and antipsychotic medications.
Responda
-
Dyskinesia
-
Akathisia
-
Tardive Dyskinesia
-
Epilepsy
Questão 64
Questão
A movement disorder characterized by involuntary, fragmented movements of the mouth, face, and jaw (i.e., chewing, sucking, tongue protrusion, etc.). This disorder may occur during the prolonged administration of antipsychotic drugs.
Responda
-
Akathisia
-
Dyskinesia
-
Tardive Dyskinesia
-
Epilepsy
Questão 65
Questão
A chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that are manifested as brief periods of altered consciousness, involuntary motor activity, or vivid sensory phenomena.
Responda
-
Akathisia
-
Epilepsy
-
Tardive Dyskinesia
-
Dyskinesia
Questão 66
Questão
A term frequently used to describe antipsychotic drugs, referring to the tendency of these drugs to produce a behavioral syndrome of apathy, sedation, decreased initiative, and decreased responsiveness.
Responda
-
Neuroleptic
-
Anticholinergic
-
Sedative
-
Anxiolytic
Questão 67
Questão
Drugs that decrease activity at acetylcholine synapses.
These agents are often used to diminish activity in the parasympathetic nervous system.
Responda
-
Anticholinergics
-
Sympatholytic
-
Anxiolytic
-
Neuroleptic
Questão 68
Questão
Period of several days to several weeks in which medications are withdrawn from the patient to allow recovery from drug tolerance or toxicity; sometimes used in patients with advanced cases of Parkinson disease.
Responda
-
Drug Holiday
-
End-of-dose Akinesia
-
On-Off Phenomenon
Questão 69
Questão
A phenomenon in Parkinson disease in which the effectiveness of the medication wears off toward the end of the dosing interval, resulting in a virtual lack of volitional movement from the patient.
Responda
-
End-of-dose akinesia
-
On-off phenomenon
-
Withdrawal
Questão 70
Questão
The fluctuation in response seen in certain patients with Parkinson disease, in which the effectiveness of medications may suddenly diminish at some point between dosages.
Responda
-
On-off phenomenon
-
End-of-dose akinesia
-
Withdrawal
-
Pseudo-Parkinsonism
Questão 71
Questão
Administration of local anesthesia into the spinal canal between the bony vertebral column and the dura mater.
Responda
-
Epidural nerve block
-
Spinal nerve block
Questão 72
Questão
Administration of local anesthesia into the spinal canal between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater (i.e., the subarachnoid space).
Responda
-
Spinal nerve block
-
Epidural nerve block
Questão 73
Questão
Type of chemical linkage found in some local anesthetics involving carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (-NH-CO-)
Responda
-
Amide
-
Ester
Questão 74
Questão
Type of chemical linkage found in some local anesthetics involving carbon and oxygen (-CO-O-)
Responda
-
Ester
-
Amide
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