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MDT: Week One Mock Test

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Quiz sobre MDT: Week One Mock Test, criado por Carley Moffatt em 21-09-2017.
Carley Moffatt
Quiz por Carley Moffatt, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Carley Moffatt
Criado por Carley Moffatt quase 7 anos atrás
25
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The AV node is made up of specialized cells located in
Responda
  • lower portion of the left atrium
  • upper portion of the right atrium
  • upper portion of the left atrium
  • lower portion of the right atrium

Questão 2

Questão
The delay of electrical impulses in the AV Node
Responda
  • allow the junction to contract
  • allow the atria to complete filling of ventricles before next contraction
  • makes the rate of discharge of SA node slower
  • forces electrical impulses to travel retroactively
  • makes pacemaker cells capable of discharging at a rhythmic rate of 40-60 bpm

Questão 3

Questão
The bundle of His
Responda
  • connects AV node with bundle branches
  • has pacemaker cells capable of discharging at rythmic rate of 30-50 bpm
  • activates atria in a backward (retrograde direction)
  • transmits impluses from the AV to the left atrium
  • A and C

Questão 4

Questão
AV Junction is comprised of
Responda
  • the AV node and branching portion of bundle of His
  • the AV node, branching, and nonbranching portion of bundle of His
  • the non branching portion of bundle of His
  • nonbranching portion, AV node, and purkinje fibers
  • the AV node, nonbranching portion, and His bundle

Questão 5

Questão
If the rate of discharge of SA node is slower than AV junction
Responda
  • the SA node has failed to discharge
  • the AV junction has failed to discharge
  • an impulse from the SA node has been conducted through the atria but not to the ventricles
  • the His junction has failed to generate an impulse
  • the AV junction must assume responsibility for conducting impulses to the atria
  • the AV node and nonbranching portion of the bundle of His may assume responsibility for pacing the heart

Questão 6

Questão
the AV junction may assume responsibility for pacing the heart if:
Responda
  • the AV node fails to discharge
  • the SA node fails to discharge
  • the rate of discharge of SA node is faster than AV junction
  • an impulse from the SA node is generated and conducted through the ventricles but not to the atria
  • the rate of discharge of SA node is slower than AV junction
  • an impulse from the SA node is generated and conducted through the atria but not to ventricles
  • B, E, and F
  • B, C and F

Questão 7

Questão
When the AV junction is pacing the heart
Responda
  • electrical implulse must travel in a forwards direction to activate ventricles
  • electrical impulse must travel in a backwards direction to activate ventricles
  • electrical impulse must travel in a backward direction to activate atria
  • electrical impulses must travel in a retrograde direction to activate ventricles
  • electrical impulses must travel in a retrograde direction to activate ventricles and atria

Questão 8

Questão
When an AV junction has assumed responsibility for pacing the heart, the P wave may appear
Responda
  • before QRS complex
  • after QRS complex
  • during QRS complex
  • before or during QRS complex
  • during or after QRS complex
  • before, during or after QRS complex

Questão 9

Questão
a QRS of <0.12 seconds
Responda
  • is usually indicative of a premature junctional complex
  • is always followed by a non-compensatory (incomplete pause)
  • is fast

Questão 10

Questão
We can recognize a PJC
Responda
  • because it arises from irritable site within the SA junction
  • it fires before its next expected sinus beat
  • QRS is usually <0.21 sec
  • often followed by a non-compensatory pause
  • A and B
  • B and D
  • A, B and D

Questão 11

Questão
The PJC replaces normal beats
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
The ability to recognize a PJC wave include all of the following symptoms except;
Responda
  • a P wave, QRS <0.12 sec, a non-compensatory (incomplete) pause, rate within normal ranges
  • a P wave may/may not be present, regular heart rhythm with premature beats
  • QRS <0.12 sec unless aberrantly conducted or an intraventricular conduction delay exists
  • P waves may occur before, during, or after QRS, rate usually within normal range, regular rhythm with premature beats

Questão 13

Questão
In a PJC, heart rates are usually...
Responda
  • within normal range, but depends on underlying rhythm
  • outside of normal range, but depends on underlying rhythm
  • within normal range, but depends on medical history
  • outside of normal range, but depends on whether or not the PJC arises from an irritable site

Questão 14

Questão
When trying to recognize a PJC, the rhythm should be
Responda
  • regular, but depends on the QRS
  • above average, with premature beats
  • regular, with premature beats

Questão 15

Questão
To recognize a PJC, we should look at...
Responda
  • rate, rhythm, QRS and PRI
  • rhythm, QRS, P waves and PRI
  • rate, QRS, PRI, rhythm and P waves
  • QRS, P waves, ectopic beats, underlying rhythm
  • rhythm, rates, PRI, QRS, and ectopic beats

Questão 16

Questão
In recognizing PJC's, P waves...
Responda
  • may occur before or afterQRS
  • may occur only before or during QRS
  • can occur before, during, or after QRS

Questão 17

Questão
In recognizing PJC's, if visible, P waves...
Responda
  • is inverted in leads I, II, III and aVF
  • is inverted in leads II, III and aVF
  • is inverted in leads !, !! and aVF
  • is inverted in leads I, III and aVF

Questão 18

Questão
If P wave occurs before QRS in a PJC,
Responda
  • PRI will usually be equal to or less than 0.12 seconds
  • PRI will usually be less than 0.12 seconds
  • PRI will usually be 0.12 seconds
  • PRI will usually be greater than 0.12 seconds
  • there is no PRI

Questão 19

Questão
If no P wave occurs before QRS in a PJC,
Responda
  • then there is no PRI
  • PRI will usually be equal to or greater than 0.12 seconds
  • PRI will be less than 0.12 seconds
  • PRI will be 0.12 seconds
  • PRI will be greater than 0.12 seconds

Questão 20

Questão
QRS in a PJC,
Responda
  • is usually equal to or less than 0.12 seconds unless aberrantly conducted or an intraventricular conduction delay exists
  • is usually equal to or less than 0.21 seconds unless aberrantly conducted
  • is usually equal to or less than 0.12 seconds unless a P wave occurs before the QRS
  • is usually equal to or less than 0.21 seconds intraventricular conduction delay exists
  • is usually equal to or less than 0.12 seconds unless aberrantly conducted or accompanied by a PRI of greater than 0.12 seconds
  • is usually equal to or less than 0.12 seconds unless an intraventricular conduction delay exists, or accompanied by a PRI of greater than 0.12 seconds

Questão 21

Questão
When recognizing a PJC, all except the following are true:
Responda
  • rate is usually within normal range, rhythm is regular with premature beats, and p waves may occur before, during, or after QRS
  • QRS is usually greater than 0.12 seconds unless aberrantly conducted, rate is usually within normal ranges, and rhythm is regular with premature beats
  • PRI will usually be equal to, or less than 0.12 seconds if P wave occurs before QRS, rhythm will be regular with premature beats, and QRS is usually equal to or greater then 0.12 seconds
  • rate is usually within normal ranges but depends on underlying rhythm, QRS is usually equal to or greater than 0.12 seconds unless aberrantly conducted, and there will be no PRI if P wave occurs before QRS

Questão 22

Questão
Causes for PJC include all of the following except;
Responda
  • congestive heart failure, digitalis toxicity, stimulants, and mental and physical fatigue
  • acute coronary syndromes, mental and physical fatigue, valvular heart disease, and electrolyte imbalance
  • caffeine, only physical fatigue, valvular heart disease, and acute coronary syndromes
  • rheumatic heart disease, tobacco and other stimulants, acute coronary syndromes, and digitalis toxicity

Questão 23

Questão
Most individuals with PJCs are asymptomatic
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
PJCs...
Responda
  • may lead to symptoms of palpitations or feeling of skipped beats
  • always require treatment
  • are caused by stimulants, and thus should be avoided
  • are caused only by physical fatigue
  • A and C
  • A, C and D

Questão 25

Questão
Which of the following are true about junctional rhythms
Responda
  • rate: 40-60 rhythm: regular p waves: before and during QRS
  • rate: 30-50 rhythm: regular p waves: before, after and during QRS
  • rate: 40-60 rhythm: regular p waves: inverted if visible
  • rate: 40-60 rhythm: regular p waves: before, and after QRS
  • rate: 40-70 rhythm: regular p waves: before, after and during QRS; inverted if visible

Questão 26

Questão
when the rhythm is slower than expected, it is called
Responda
  • junctional bradycardia
  • deceletrated junctional rhythm
  • junctional tachycardia

Questão 27

Questão
what are the two types of rapid junctional rhythms
Responda
  • accelerated junctional rhythm and junctional tachycardia
  • junctional tachycardia and rapid junctional rhythm
  • rapid junctional rhythm and accelerated junctional rhythm
  • junctional tachycardia and junctional bradycardia

Questão 28

Questão
the two types of rapid junctional rhythms have bpms that range between
Responda
  • 60-100 and 100-140
  • 55-100 and 100-140
  • 60-100 and 100-130
  • 55-100 and 100-130

Questão 29

Questão
what is the difference between the two types of rapid junctional rhythms
Responda
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • p waves

Questão 30

Questão
all but the following are causes of accelerated junctional rhythm
Responda
  • acute myocardial infarction, CODP, rheumatic fever
  • hypokalemia, COPD, cardiac surgery and rheumatic fever
  • digitalis toxicity, acute myocardial infarction, caridac surgery and hypokalemia
  • acute myocardial infarction, digitalis toxicity and rheumatic fever

Questão 31

Questão
ventricles may assume responsibility for pacing the heart in all but which case;
Responda
  • SA node fails
  • SA node generates impulse but is blocked as it exists SA node
  • SA node discharge is faster than ventricles
  • irritable site in either ventricle produces early beat or rapid rhythm

Questão 32

Questão
ventricles may assume responsibility for pacing heart if the SA node discharge is slower than ventricles
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
when the SA node fails or its impulse is blocked as it exists the SA node, [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end] may assume responsibility
Responda
  • ventricles

Questão 34

Questão
select all that apply. Ventricles may assume responsibility for pacing the heart if:
Responda
  • SA node fails
  • impulse from SA node generated but blocked as it exists SA node
  • SA node discharge slower than ventricles
  • irritable site in either ventricle produces early beat or rapid rhythm

Questão 35

Questão
we can recognize premature ventricular complexes by observing that the T wave is usually
Responda
  • in the opposite direction of QRS
  • parallel to QRS
  • in the same direction of QRS
  • non-existant

Questão 36

Questão
in premature ventricular complexes, all but which of the following are true
Responda
  • QRS typically greater than 0.12 seconds
  • occurs earlier than next expected sinus beat
  • T wave usually in opposite direction of QRS
  • arise from irritable focus in either ventricle

Questão 37

Questão
premature ventricular complexes arise from irritable focus in either ventricle
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
a PVC is usually followed by a
Responda
  • full compensatory pause
  • backward electrical impulse
  • a non-compensatory pause

Questão 39

Questão
2 sequential PVCs are called
Responda
  • runs or bursts
  • couplets
  • ventricular bigeminy
  • bigeminal PVCs
  • ventricular trigeminy

Questão 40

Questão
3 sequential PVCs are called
Responda
  • runs or bursts
  • ventricular trigeminy
  • trigeminal PVCs
  • bigeminal PVCs

Questão 41

Questão
Bigeminal PVCs are when ____________ occurs
Responda
  • more than 3 sequential PVCs
  • 2 sequential PVCs
  • every other beat is a PVC
  • every 3rd beat is a PVC

Questão 42

Questão
When every 3rd beat is a PVC, it is known as
Responda
  • runs or bursts
  • bigeminal PVCs
  • ventricular trigeminy
  • trigeminal PVCs
  • ventrucular quadrigeminy
  • C and D
  • A and C

Questão 43

Questão
Quadrigeminal PVCs are when
Responda
  • there are 4 sequential PVCs
  • every other beat is a PVC
  • every other beat is a PVC, for greater than 4 occasions
  • every 4th beat is a PVC

Questão 44

Questão
uniform PVCs are distinct in that they
Responda
  • have similar morphology in same lead, and originate from the same ectopic focus
  • have similar morphology in same lead, and originate from different ectopic focus'
  • have different morphology, and originate from the same ectopic focus
  • have different morphology, and originate from different ectopic focus'

Questão 45

Questão
when PVCs have different morphology in the same lead they are easily recognized as...
Responda
  • uniform PVCs
  • multiform PVCs
  • R-on-T PVCs
  • ventricular rhythms

Questão 46

Questão
multiform PVC's
Responda
  • often (but not always) arise from different foci
  • always arise from different foci
  • never arise from different foci

Questão 47

Questão
PVCs are named R-on-T PVCs, because the
Responda
  • R wave falls on the T wave of preceding beat
  • T wave falls on the R wave of preceding beat
  • R wave refracts on the T wave of preceding beat
  • T wave refracts on the R wave of preceding beat

Questão 48

Questão
2 PVCs in a row are called
Responda
  • paired PVCs
  • couplets
  • bursts
  • salvo
  • A and C
  • A and B

Questão 49

Questão
"salvo," "run," or "burst" of VT are all ways of describing
Responda
  • greater than 5 PVCs in a row at a rate greater than 100 bpm
  • greater than 3 PVCs in a row at a rate greater than 50 bpm
  • greater than 5 PVCs in a row at a rate greater than 50 bpm
  • greater than 3 PVCs in a row at a rate greater than 100 bpm
  • greater than 3 PVCs in a row at a rate greater than 120 bpm

Questão 50

Questão
The rate of a PVC is
Responda
  • usually normal, but depends on underlying rhythm
  • usually higher than normal, but depends on underlying rhythm
  • usually lower than normal, but depends on underlying rhythm
  • usually normal, but depends on past medical conditions

Questão 51

Questão
The rhythm of a PVC
Responda
  • depends on underlying rhythm
  • depends on past medical history
  • depends on the conditions the patient are currently in
  • depends on underlying rhythm, with premature beats

Questão 52

Questão
P waves in a PVC
Responda
  • are usually absent
  • with retrograde condiction to atria, may appear after QRS
  • may appear after QRS, usually upright in ST-segment or T wave
  • may occur before after or during QRS
  • if visible, P wave is inverted
  • A and B
  • B and C
  • A, B, and C

Questão 53

Questão
In PVCs, QRS is
Responda
  • greater than 0.12 seconds, narrow and bizarre
  • usually in the same direction as the T wave
  • greater than 0.12 seconds, wide and bizarre
  • usually in the opposite direction of P wave

Questão 54

Questão
All of the following are causes of Premature Ventricular complex, except
Responda
  • normal variant, exercise, stimulants, increased sympathetic tone and hypoxia
  • stress and anxiety, medications, congestive heart failure, and valvular heart disease
  • digitalis toxicity, stress, myocardial ischemia, acid-base imbalance, and increased sympathetic tone
  • caffiene, TCA's, acute coronary syndromes, exercise and normal variant

Questão 55

Questão
Patients of PVC may be asymptomatic
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 56

Questão
patients of PVC who are symptomatic may complain of all the following except;
Responda
  • palpitations, racing heart, lower back discomfort
  • racing heart, neck discomfort, skipped beats
  • chest discomfort

Questão 57

Questão
if PVCs are frequent,
Responda
  • decreased cardiac output possible
  • increased cardiac output possible
  • no cardiac output possible

Questão 58

Questão
treatment of PVCs is dependent on all except which of the following
Responda
  • cause
  • signs and symptoms
  • clinical situation
  • mental and physical fatigue

Questão 59

Questão
These look just like a PVC, but appear LATE instead of early.
Responda
  • ventricular escape beats
  • 'safety' mechanisms
  • AV junctions
  • compensatory pauses

Questão 60

Questão
three or more ventricular escape beats in row, with a rate of 20-40 bpm is indicative of
Responda
  • idiocentricular rhythm
  • agonal rhythm
  • ventricular escape beats
  • premature junctional complexes

Questão 61

Questão
agonal rhythm shows a ventricular rate of
Responda
  • less than 20 bmp
  • greater than 20 bmp
  • equal to 30 bpm
  • greater than 30 bpm
  • between 20 and 30 bpm

Questão 62

Questão
you are given the following information... rate:20-bpm rhythm: essentially regular P waves: usually absent PRI: none What do you diagnose?
Responda
  • idioventricular rhythm
  • premature junctional complex
  • agonal rhythm
  • ventricular escape beats
  • premature ventricular complex
  • accelerated idioventricular rhythm

Questão 63

Questão
P waves in idioventricular rhythms are usually absent, or with retrograde conduction to atria, may appear [blank_start]after[blank_end] QRS (usually upright in ST-segment or T wave)
Responda
  • after
  • before

Questão 64

Questão
if no P wave occurs before QRS in _____________, then there is no PRI. In ____________, there is always no PRI.
Responda
  • PJCs, idioventricular rhythms
  • idioventricular rhythms, PJCs
  • rapid junctional rhythms, accelerated idioventricular rhythms
  • accelerated idioventricular rhythms, rapid junctional rhythms

Questão 65

Questão
in this rhythm, the T wave is frequently in the opposite direction of QRS complex
Responda
  • idioventricular rhythm
  • acceletated junctional rhythm
  • premature junctional complexes
  • premature ventricular complexes

Questão 66

Questão
introventricular rhythms may occur in all of the following cases, except for
Responda
  • SA node and AV junction quit
  • rate of discharge of SA node or AV junction intrinsic rate is slower than ventricular rate
  • digitalis toxicity
  • impulses generated by the supracentricular pacemaker site are firing too quickly
  • metabolic imbalances

Questão 67

Questão
slow rate and loss of atrial kick in idioventricular rhythms may result in upwards cardiac output
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 68

Questão
Scenario: your patient has a QRS greater than 0.12 seconds, but an essentially regular rhythm. You notice three or more ventricular escape beats in a row, with a rate of 20-40 bpm. What should you do?
Responda
  • lidocaine
  • TCP or atropine
  • increase MVO2
  • predispose patient to ventricular dysrythmmias

Questão 69

Questão
three or more ventricular escape beats occur in a row, rate of 41-100 bpm. What do you diagnose?
Responda
  • accelerated idioventricular rhythm
  • idioventricular rhythm
  • premature ventricular complex
  • ventricular tachycardia

Questão 70

Questão
some physicians consider ventricular rate range of AVIR to be 41-100, while others consider it to be 41-120 bpm
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 71

Questão
P waves are usually absent in this rhythm, though with retrograde conduction to atria, may appear after QRS (usually upright in ST-segment or T wave)
Responda
  • accelerated idioventricular rhythm
  • idioventricular rhythm
  • premature ventricular complex
  • torsades de pointes
  • A and B
  • A and D

Questão 72

Questão
acelerated idioventricular rhythm appears in all of the following, with the exception of;
Responda
  • often seen during the first 12 hours of MI
  • post-reperfusion therapy (successful)
  • accelerated sinus rate
  • decelerated sinus rate
  • acute mypocarditis

Questão 73

Questão
accelerated idioventricular rhythm appears in all of the following, with the exception of;
Responda
  • digitalis toxicity
  • cocaine toxicity
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • acute myocarditis
  • hypertensive heart disease
  • all of the above are causes of accelerated idioventricular rhythm

Questão 74

Questão
If a patient with accelerated idioventricular rhythms is symptomatic because of loss of atrial kick, treatment can include all of the following with the exception of;
Responda
  • atropine
  • atrial pacing
  • ventricular antiarrhythmics

Questão 75

Questão
treatment is usually unnecessary in patients with accelerated idioventricular rhythms
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 76

Questão
your patient is displaying three or more PVCs in a row, rate of greater than 100 bpm. What are you observing?
Responda
  • ventricular tachycardia
  • accelerated idioventricular
  • idioventricular
  • asystole

Questão 77

Questão
nonsustained ventricular tachycardia lasts ____________, while sustained VT ________________
Responda
  • less than 30 seconds, more than 30 seconds
  • more than 30 seconds, less than 30 seconds
  • less than 60 seconds, more than 60 seconds
  • more than 60 seconds, less than 60 seconds

Questão 78

Questão
all of the following are possible causes of ventricular tachycardia, with the exception of;
Responda
  • acute coronary syndromes, cardiomyopathy and TCA overdose
  • TCA overdose, cocaine abuse, trauma
  • acid-base imbalance, mitral valve prolapse, digitalis toxicity
  • brugada, electrolyte imbalance, invasive cardiac procedures
  • myocardial contusion, abnormal QT interval, stimulants such as caffeine and tobacco

Questão 79

Questão
this phenomenon is a chaotic rhythm originating in the ventricles. It is always pulseless
Responda
  • ventricular fibrillation
  • idioventricular
  • torsades de pointes
  • asystole

Questão 80

Questão
ventricular fibrillation is not caused by
Responda
  • environment
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • hypertrophy
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • decreased SNS activity

Questão 81

Questão
the absence of any (ventricular) rhythm
Responda
  • asystole
  • ventricular fibrillation
  • ventricular tachycardia

Questão 82

Questão
all of the following are causes of first degree AV blocks, with the exception of which of the following;
Responda
  • AV node ischemia/injury
  • acute MI
  • some meds
  • decreased vagal tone

Questão 83

Questão
This type of block is defined as a prolongation of the PR interval on an ECG to more than 0.20 seconds
Responda
  • 1st degree AV block
  • type 1, 2nd degree AV block
  • type 2, 2nd degree AV block
  • 3rd degree AV block

Questão 84

Questão
your patient reveals a history of congestive heart failure on digoxin. He does not have any complaints of nausea, palpaitations, or chest pain. You run an ECG, and notice that the rhythm is regularly irregular, and the ratio of Ps to QRSs is 1:1 underlying rhythm and 2:1 where dropped beat occurs. How do you diagnose?
Responda
  • 2nd degree AV block, type 1
  • 2nd degree AV block, type 2
  • ischemic heart disease
  • 3rd degree AV block

Questão 85

Questão
2nd degree av block type 1 is more serious than 2nd degree av block type 2
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 86

Questão
which of the following is not a cause for type 1, 2nd degree AV blocks
Responda
  • increased parasympathetic tone
  • anterior wall MI
  • aortic valve disease
  • mitral valve prolapse

Questão 87

Questão
left coronary artery disease, anterior wall MI, and fibrosis of conduction system are all causes of which type of AV block
Responda
  • 2nd degree, type 1
  • 2nd degree, type 2
  • 1st degree
  • 3rd degree

Questão 88

Questão
your patients ECG reflects a slow rate, with present and upright P waves. You notice that the rhythm is regular for P waves, but irregular for QRS. For instance, the last impulse appeared on the ECG as P wave with no QRS after. These are features of a
Responda
  • 2nd degree AV block, type 1
  • 2nd degree AV block, type 2
  • 1st degree AV block
  • 3rd degree AV block

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