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Project Management Final CH 1-10

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Contains all questions and answers from the previous chapter exams (CH 1-10)
Anthony Schulmeister
Quiz por Anthony Schulmeister, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Anthony Schulmeister
Criado por Anthony Schulmeister mais de 6 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Identify the example that would not usually be considered a project.
Responda
  • building a house
  • developing a computer software application program
  • hosting a wedding reception
  • assembly line manufacturing of automobiles

Questão 2

Questão
According to the authors, the prime objectives of project management are
Responda
  • scope, cost, time
  • quality, scope, schedule
  • customer satisfaction, budget, schedule
  • cost, quality, customer satisfaction

Questão 3

Questão
In a conventional project lifecycle, as work progresses, uncertainty about the expected outcome should
Responda
  • become a constant
  • decrease
  • increase
  • be fully removed

Questão 4

Questão
The attributes that characterize a project are
Responda
  • purpose, repetition, inter-dependencies, consistency, uncertainty, conflict, and one¬time occurrence
  • life cycle, schedule, cost, uncertainty, independence, uniqueness, and purpose
  • resources, uniqueness, conflict, inter-dependencies, one-time occurrence, and finite duration,
  • purpose, life cycle, conflict, certainty, independence, performance, and finite duration

Questão 5

Questão
The "stretched-5" pattern observed during the project lifecycle, for the most part, is a result of the
Responda
  • changing levels of resources used during successive stages of the project lifecycle
  • changing attitudes of the people who work in the project
  • difficulty in performing the individual activities of a project
  • principle that work expands to fill the allotted time

Questão 6

Questão
The desired outcomes or results of a project are called
Responda
  • subgroups
  • work packages
  • subprojects
  • deliverables

Questão 7

Questão
Earned value is based on the concept that the percentage of project completion is closely correlated with
Responda
  • the number of levels in the project
  • relevance of the project
  • cost or the use of resources
  • final assembly of the output

Questão 8

Questão
Which of the following is not one of the four dimensions of project success?
Responda
  • opening new opportunities for the future
  • number of people working on the project
  • impact on the customer
  • business impact on the organization

Questão 9

Questão
The project to construct a highway is unique because
Responda
  • the characteristics of terrain will be different for different segments
  • consistency of the concrete will vary for different segments
  • different types of laborers will be used to build various segments of the highway
  • different people manage different sections of the highway

Questão 10

Questão
Projects often interact with other projects being carried out simultaneously within the organization and these interactions take the form of competition for scarce resources between project. This is an example of project
Responda
  • bottleneck
  • breakdown
  • interdependencies
  • malfunctioning

Questão 11

Questão
When done properly, project management begins with
Responda
  • stakeholder interviews
  • scope definition
  • the initial concept for the project
  • budget estimation

Questão 12

Questão
The chance that project processes or outcomes will not turn out as planned is called
Responda
  • risk
  • projecting
  • effort
  • negative outcome

Questão 13

Questão
Having only partial or no information about the situation or outcomes is called
Responda
  • uncertainty
  • risk
  • effort
  • cluelessness

Questão 14

Questão
Relations between organizational functions, where one function or task is dependent on others, are known as
Responda
  • interdependencies
  • links
  • projects
  • tasks

Questão 15

Questão
The of the project team is a crucial but unstated element of ancillary trade- offs that the project manager must consider.
Responda
  • health
  • plan
  • task
  • effort

Questão 16

Questão
The project is generally credited with beginning the era of modern project management
Responda
  • Manhattan
  • Chicago
  • Great Wall of China
  • Egyptian pyramids

Questão 17

Questão
is a subset of a project consisting of work packages
Responda
  • task
  • program
  • project
  • process

Questão 18

Questão
Projects are bound by the three objectives of scope, time, and cost. These are collectively referred to as the
Responda
  • Triple Constraint
  • Triple Factors
  • Three Constraints
  • Triple Play

Questão 19

Questão
Individuals or groups with a special interest in a project are called
Responda
  • stakeholders
  • project managers
  • leaders
  • directors

Questão 20

Questão
The production of weekly employment reports or the delivery of mail could be considered a
Responda
  • project
  • non-project
  • quasi-projects
  • triple projects

Questão 21

Questão
Which of the following demonstrates the quality of flexibility required of a project selection model?
Responda
  • It does not require special interpretation, data that are difficult to acquire, or excessive personnel.
  • It gives valid results within the range of conditions that the firm might experience.
  • It reflects the multiple objectives of both the firm and its managers.
  • It deals with situations both internal and external to the project.

Questão 22

Questão
The two basic types of project selection models identified in the text are
Responda
  • biased and unbiased
  • numeric and nonnumeric
  • active and passive
  • numeric and qualitative

Questão 23

Questão
If a system is being updated due to operating necessity, the project was selected because
Responda
  • the system is worth saving at any cost
  • the system is worth saving at the estimated cost of the project
  • the dimension of cost is not relevant to execution of the project
  • the cost overruns can be hidden in someone else's budget

Questão 24

Questão
The drawback of the ___________ model is that it fails to consider cash flows obtained once the initial investment has been recovered.
Responda
  • payback period
  • average rate of return
  • discounted cash flow
  • profitability index

Questão 25

Questão
If the NPV for a project is < 0, it indicates that the project will
Responda
  • report a profit loss
  • report a profit gain
  • fail to cover its required rate of return
  • fail to generate cash inflows

Questão 26

Questão
Scoring models are most often used to overcome this disadvantage of profitability models.
Responda
  • The inability to account for the time value of money
  • The inability to account for project results beyond the payback period
  • The inability to account for multiple decision criteria
  • The inability to account for cash flow

Questão 27

Questão
Firms usually have two or more projects and this collection of projects is referred to as
Responda
  • a portfolio
  • an initiation
  • a program
  • a stochastic model

Questão 28

Questão
A technique useful for developing numeric values that are equivalent to subjective, verbal measures of relative value is the
Responda
  • Delphi system
  • expert system
  • portfolio
  • simulation

Questão 29

Questão
Which of the following is a type of numeric model?
Responda
  • the sacred cow
  • the operating necessity
  • payback period
  • the product line extension

Questão 30

Questão
The _________ is the value of an opportunity foregone
Responda
  • real option
  • profit
  • opportunity cost
  • revenue

Questão 31

Questão
The _________ is the interest rate set by an organization as the minimum acceptable rate of return for a project
Responda
  • hurdle rate
  • acceptable rate
  • internal rate of return
  • net present value

Questão 32

Questão
In a project portfolio, _______________ projects have objectives or deliverables that are only incrementally different in both product and process from existing offerings.
Responda
  • breakthrough
  • R&D
  • platform
  • derivative

Questão 33

Questão
In a project portfolio, a project that involves a new technology or even a disruptive technology that is known to the industry would serve as an example of a project
Responda
  • breakthrough
  • R&D
  • platform
  • derivitive

Questão 34

Questão
The set of documents submitted when evaluating a project is referred to as the
Responda
  • project proposal
  • evaluation set
  • evaluation criteria
  • project manual

Questão 35

Questão
When the decision maker's information is not complete, he/she will have to make a decision under conditions of
Responda
  • proof
  • uncertainty
  • management
  • risk mitigation

Questão 36

Questão
The discounted cash flow method determines the net present value of all cash flows by discounting them by the
Responda
  • hurdle rate
  • acceptable rate
  • internal rate of return
  • net present value

Questão 37

Questão
Financial forecasts are reported as __________ financial statements.
Responda
  • final
  • initial
  • pro forma
  • hypothetical

Questão 38

Questão
A project selection criteria that focuses on how well new products would fit the firm's existing product line would be
Responda
  • sustainability
  • comparative benefit model
  • production line extension
  • operating necessity

Questão 39

Questão
According to research by Sanchez and Robert (2010), which of the following is not a reason why strategic benefits may be difficult to appraise?
Responda
  • Not immediately realized
  • Difficult to quantify
  • May be confounded with other factors
  • Easy to plan for when they occur

Questão 40

Questão
________ is a modeling technique for emulating a process, usually conducted a considerable number of times to understand the process better and measure its outcomes under different policies.
Responda
  • Simulation
  • Project management
  • Projectizing
  • Modeling

Questão 41

Questão
According to the authors, the analytic method, when applied to systems, focuses on
Responda
  • assembling the components of a system into an integrated package
  • building an array of individually designed and manufactured components
  • calculating the cost and schedule requirements
  • dividing the components of a system into smaller and smaller elements

Questão 42

Questão
The ideal project manager should be
Responda
  • a direct, technical supervisor knowledgeable in the technology of the process being used
  • both generalist/facilitator and have a high level of technical competence in the science of the project
  • a facilitator and specialist with technical credibility
  • a technical specialist competent in principles of robust design

Questão 43

Questão
The project manager must make trade-offs between project progress and process. Conceptually, this involves trade-offs between the _______ functions.
Responda
  • technical and managerial
  • schedule and cost
  • performance and schedule
  • cost and performance

Questão 44

Questão
According to the authors the project manager should be more skilled at
Responda
  • general management
  • technology
  • synthesis
  • analysis

Questão 45

Questão
The project manager needs _______ credibility.
Responda
  • technical and personal
  • administrative and personal
  • technical and administrative
  • technical and financial

Questão 46

Questão
Projects are conducted in four important environments. They are
Responda
  • economic, political, legal, and sociotechnical
  • internal, external, transitional, and multicultural
  • routine, unique, fast-paced, and complex
  • profit, not for profit, government, and industry

Questão 47

Questão
According to the authors, the key to coping with uncertainty at the end of a project (a common obstacle for project managers) is
Responda
  • discipline
  • communication
  • planning
  • supervision

Questão 48

Questão
During the buildup phase, the project goals, in order of importance, are
Responda
  • schedule, scope, cost
  • cost, schedule, scope
  • schedule, cost, scope
  • cost, scope, schedule

Questão 49

Questão
Resources initially budgeted for a project are frequently _________ for the task, partly because of natural optimism by the proposer about how many resources are needed.
Responda
  • sufficient
  • delayed
  • insufficient
  • hindrances

Questão 50

Questão
Most of the time spent by a project manager is spent
Responda
  • attending technical workshops
  • overseeing the workforce
  • filing paperwork
  • coordinating and communicating

Questão 51

Questão
11. The functional manager uses the ________ approach and the PM uses the ________ approach
Responda
  • systems; analytic
  • numerical; nonnumeric
  • analytic; systems
  • nonnumeric; numerical

Questão 52

Questão
The project manager's responsibility to the project and to the client is met by ensuring that the _______ of the project is preserved in spite of conflicting demands made by stakeholders.
Responda
  • management
  • integrity
  • analysis
  • synthesis

Questão 53

Questão
During the final or phaseout stage of the project lifecycle, ___________ is the dominant goal of many project managers.
Responda
  • schedule
  • cost
  • scope
  • quality

Questão 54

Questão
The structure of a society is determined by its
Responda
  • institutions
  • wages
  • jobs
  • enemies

Questão 55

Questão
Which of the following is not a phase in the Tuckman ladder?
Responda
  • forming
  • defining
  • norming
  • mourning

Questão 56

Questão
The _________ is a person who spearheads an idea or action and sells it throughout the organization.
Responda
  • stakeholder
  • champion
  • interviewer
  • coach

Questão 57

Questão
The ______________ is an alternative action if the expected result fails to materialize.
Responda
  • trade-off
  • system plan
  • feedback
  • contingency plan

Questão 58

Questão
The __________ represents everything outside the system that delivers inputs or receives outputs from the system.
Responda
  • environment
  • feedback
  • culture
  • system

Questão 59

Questão
The __________ is the "corporate culture" within the organization, or even within the project
Responda
  • cultural anomaly
  • microculture
  • multiculture
  • interfirm culture

Questão 60

Questão
The project manager makes a ___________ by allowing one aspect of the project to get worse in return for allowing another aspect of the project to get better.
Responda
  • decision
  • turnaround
  • trade-off
  • chart

Questão 61

Questão
A party to a conflict will usually be satisfied when the level of frustration has been
Responda
  • increased by the domination of the other party
  • lowered to the point where no action against the other party is contemplated
  • lowered because the party realizes the hopelessness of continuing the conflict
  • eliminated because the party has surrendered to the other party

Questão 62

Questão
Most of the conflicts that involve the organization and outsiders have to do with
Responda
  • interpersonal differences
  • cultural differences and status differences
  • technical differences
  • property rights and contractual obligations

Questão 63

Questão
During project formation, the organizational structure selected will have a major impact on the ways in which conflicts are handled. Lack of clarity about the relative power/influence/authority of the PM and the functional managers is a major component of all conflicts involving
Responda
  • contractual obligations
  • property rights
  • budgeting
  • resource allocation, and scheduling

Questão 64

Questão
If a resource conflict arises between two high-priority projects, precedence is typically given to the project with the
Responda
  • earliest due date
  • fastest completion time
  • biggest revenue stream
  • lowest cost to complete

Questão 65

Questão
During project build-up, the project should move from a general concept to
Responda
  • implementation of plans
  • a highly detailed set of plans
  • a project charter
  • a project contract

Questão 66

Questão
During project build-up, if the project is independent and standalone, the project manager seeks a commitment of __________ from the functional departments.
Responda
  • work
  • materials
  • people
  • budgets

Questão 67

Questão
During project build-up, if the project is functionally tied down, the project manager seeks a commitment of _________ from the functional departments.
Responda
  • work
  • materials
  • people
  • budgets

Questão 68

Questão
Personality conflicts during project phase-out are often caused by
Responda
  • the absence of deadlines
  • the influx of newer technology
  • pressure to complete the project and anxiety about leaving the project
  • distribution of expenses charged to the project

Questão 69

Questão
According to the authors, the nature of negotiation as it applies to project management is the realization that few of the conflicts arising in projects have to do with
Responda
  • whether or not the task will be done
  • the precise design of the deliverable
  • how the design will be achieved
  • who will do the work, when, and at what cost

Questão 70

Questão
When dealing with conflict between parties, it is recommended that one _______ in order to avoid the conflict becoming interpersonal.
Responda
  • avoid the situation
  • define the substantive problem
  • leisurely discuss the issue
  • focus on interests

Questão 71

Questão
Partnering is an attempt to _________ the risk associated with sub-contracting.
Responda
  • mitigate
  • Increase
  • absorb
  • allow

Questão 72

Questão
_________ is the process which begins when one party perceives that the other has frustrated, or is about to frustrate, some concern of his.
Responda
  • conflict
  • happiness
  • contentment
  • utility

Questão 73

Questão
According to the authors, the favored technique for resolving conflict is
Responda
  • negotiation
  • mitigation
  • avoidance
  • collaboration

Questão 74

Questão
The process through which two or more parties seek an acceptable rate of exchange for items they own or control is called
Responda
  • negotiation
  • mitigation
  • compromising
  • collaboration

Questão 75

Questão
During the early program phases of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to
Responda
  • cost
  • schedules
  • scope
  • quality

Questão 76

Questão
During the main program phases of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to
Responda
  • cost
  • schedules
  • scope
  • quality

Questão 77

Questão
Toward the end of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et at say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to
Responda
  • cost
  • schedules
  • scope
  • quality

Questão 78

Questão
Negotiating to a(n) __________ solution is the key to conflict resolution in project management.
Responda
  • win-lose
  • win-win
  • avoidance
  • confrontation

Questão 79

Questão
The total level of conflict in the project lifecycle is highest during the _________ stage
Responda
  • closing
  • main program
  • project build-up
  • project formation

Questão 80

Questão
The ___________ approach to negotiation aims to achieve a win-win result.
Responda
  • principled
  • posititional
  • stakeholder
  • paretto

Questão 81

Questão
If the project manager controls when and what people do while the functional managers control who will be assigned to the project and what technology will be used, the ______organizational form is probably being used.
Responda
  • projectized
  • pure project
  • matrix
  • weak project

Questão 82

Questão
In the systems approach to design, one organization would have to take responsibility for
Responda
  • manufacturing everything in the system
  • the integrity of the project design
  • the integrity of the subcontractors
  • product warranties

Questão 83

Questão
The process of dealing with uncertainties in projects that may affect the project for better or for worse has come to be known as
Responda
  • scope management
  • risk management
  • quality management
  • procurement management

Questão 84

Questão
A common objective of an organization's PM is often created by organizations to
Responda
  • establish consistent project management standards and methods
  • deal with technological obsolescence
  • train process managers
  • administer application software

Questão 85

Questão
A major purpose of the project management office should be to serve as
Responda
  • the central location for all clerical support
  • the critical disaster recovery support
  • a link between strategic management and project management
  • maintenance for the project management library

Questão 86

Questão
This member of the project team is in charge of product design and development and is responsible for functional analysis, specifications, drawings, cost estimates, quality/reliability, engineering changes, and documentation
Responda
  • systems architect
  • manufacturing engineer
  • project controller
  • support services manager

Questão 87

Questão
This member of the project team is responsible for the efficient production of the product of the process, including the manufacturing engineering, design and production of tooling, production scheduling, and other production tasks
Responda
  • project engineer
  • development engineer
  • contract administrator
  • support services manager

Questão 88

Questão
This person is responsible for the installation, testing, and support of the product (process) once its engineering is complete.
Responda
  • development engineer
  • systems architect
  • test engineer
  • project controller

Questão 89

Questão
One of the main technical problems faced by the project manager is meeting ________ without compromising performance.
Responda
  • supplier's targets
  • schedule and cost goals
  • technical specifications
  • cost and conflict goals

Questão 90

Questão
A major advantage of using a _________ placement for a project is that individual experts can be utilized by many different projects.
Responda
  • standard
  • virtual
  • projectized
  • functional

Questão 91

Questão
Virtual teams, when composed, should consist of "boundary spanners" who number about one in every _________ team members
Responda
  • 6-7
  • 8-12
  • 10-20
  • 25-30

Questão 92

Questão
When a firm engages in a large number of similar projects, the ___________ organizational form is apt to be preferred.
Responda
  • pure project
  • partial matrix
  • functional
  • mixed matrix

Questão 93

Questão
When the standard departments of the organization represent individual disciplines such as engineering, marketing, purchasing, and so on, the organization follows
Responda
  • projectized management
  • matrixed management
  • functional management
  • mixed management

Questão 94

Questão
The firm or organization within which the project is being conducted is known as the
Responda
  • parent organization
  • consulting firm
  • project team
  • stakeholder company

Questão 95

Questão
______________ engineering refers to the use of a design team that includes design and manufacturing engineers as well as staff from other relevant areas of the business.
Responda
  • Concurrent
  • Alignment
  • Matrix
  • Social

Questão 96

Questão
The _________ is a basic project document that describes all the work that must be done to complete the project and forms the basis for costing, scheduling, and work
Responda
  • WBS
  • OBS
  • PMO
  • project charter

Questão 97

Questão
The approach to organizing that includes both functions (disciplines) and projects in its hierarchy is known as the
Responda
  • mixed organization
  • functional organization
  • projectized organization
  • matrix organization

Questão 98

Questão
This person's task is the efficient production of the product or process the project engineer has designed, including responsibility for manufacturing engineering, design and production of code, unit testing, production scheduling, and other production tasks.
Responda
  • test engineer
  • contract administrator
  • development engineer
  • systems architect

Questão 99

Questão
TQM and Six Sigma are good examples of ____________ programs
Responda
  • participative
  • exclusive
  • frequency
  • inclusive

Questão 100

Questão
If both functional and projectized divisions coexist in a firm, this would result in the __________ organizational structure.
Responda
  • composite
  • objective
  • encompassing
  • free-form

Questão 101

Questão
The _________ is a specialized view of the action plan that focuses on who has what responsibility for each project task.
Responda
  • resource histogram
  • linear responsibility chart
  • project team directory
  • scope management plan

Questão 102

Questão
The success of the project launch meeting is dependent on the existence of
Responda
  • a project charter
  • the project's scope statement
  • a well-defined set of objectives for the project
  • project planning templates

Questão 103

Questão
This project plan element describes both the managerial and the technical approaches to the work. The technical discussion describes the relationship of the project to available technologies.
Responda
  • overview
  • objectives
  • general approach
  • contractual aspects

Questão 104

Questão
This project plan element should include profit and competitive goals as well as technical goals.
Responda
  • overview
  • objectives
  • general approach
  • contractual aspects

Questão 105

Questão
The _______ of a project includes the objectives of the project as well as the time and cost required to complete the project to the customer's satisfaction.
Responda
  • scope
  • change order
  • outcome
  • purpose

Questão 106

Questão
RACI stands for
Responda
  • responsive, accountable, consult, inform
  • responsible, accountable, consult, inform
  • responsive, accountable, consult, integrate
  • responsible, admissible, consult, integrate

Questão 107

Questão
The set of physical elements required to build a project is called the
Responda
  • bill of materials
  • deliverable
  • milestone list
  • work statement

Questão 108

Questão
___________ is an approach that breaks the planning task down into the activities that must be done in each managerial level of the organization. Typically, the upper level sets the objectives for the next lower level.
Responda
  • Strategic planning
  • Organizational planning
  • Hierarchical planning
  • Agile planning

Questão 109

Questão
The major tool that a project manager uses during the planning phase is called the
Responda
  • WBS
  • change request
  • scope statement
  • project plan

Questão 110

Questão
___________is the tendency for the project objectives to be changed with little or no discussion with other parties actively engaged in the project
Responda
  • Scope reference
  • Scope creep
  • Effectiveness
  • Hierarchical planning

Questão 111

Questão
_______________ is a visual approach that closely mirrors how the human brain records and stores information that can help tap the creative potential of the entire project team
Responda
  • WBS generation
  • Project planning
  • Risk response planning
  • Mind mapping

Questão 112

Questão
When using a WBS, all of the work should roll up to the next level such that no extra work is required. This is referred to as the
Responda
  • Development rule
  • All-inclusive rule
  • 100% rule
  • WBS rule

Questão 113

Questão
For projects that are constantly changing, the __________ methodology is recommended
Responda
  • waterfall
  • agile
  • adaptable
  • organic

Questão 114

Questão
Having key stakeholders involved early in the project tends to
Responda
  • increase communication errors
  • increase project risk
  • create buy-in
  • create more problems than it is worth

Questão 115

Questão
When using the mind mapping process, you should designate one team member as the ___________ to ensure that all team members are involved and contributing, and to ensure that team members are focusing on the work that must be done.
Responda
  • planner
  • facilitator
  • contractor
  • manager

Questão 116

Questão
A useful tool for facilitating the management of changes to a project's scope is the
Responda
  • requirements traceability matrix
  • WBS
  • project charter
  • mind map

Questão 117

Questão
A project manager must ___________ as a type of risk response planning in order to soften the danger of a threat by reducing the likelihood that it will occur or by reducing its impact if it does occur.
Responda
  • avoid
  • transfer
  • accept
  • mitigate

Questão 118

Questão
The ____________ is a list of the project activities with major activities broken down into subactivities.
Responda
  • linear responsibility chart
  • PCMCIA
  • activity prioritization
  • WBS

Questão 119

Questão
The process of coordinating the work and timing of the different groups working on multidisciplinary teams is called
Responda
  • procurement management
  • integration management
  • vertical management
  • matrix management

Questão 120

Questão
This element of the project plan contains a brief description of the procedure to be followed in monitoring, collecting, storing, and evaluating the history of the project
Responda
  • schedule
  • resources
  • personnel
  • evaluation methods

Questão 121

Questão
If a project budget is under funded, it will often
Responda
  • stimulate increased performance
  • improve utilization of resources
  • frustrate committed stakeholders
  • reduce costs

Questão 122

Questão
The project's budget should
Responda
  • associate resource use with the achievement of organizational goals
  • allow funds to be spent without linkage to achievement
  • not reflect the timing of expenses associated with the use of resources
  • never be changed during project execution

Questão 123

Questão
In order to develop a budget, the PM must forecast
Responda
  • the resources required
  • when resources will be needed
  • the cost of resources
  • All of the above

Questão 124

Questão
A work element whose cost is fully developed would
Responda
  • exclude the cost of labor and resources
  • include only the profit and direct costs
  • exclude the cost of special machinery and overheads
  • include direct costs plus overhead and G&A charges

Questão 125

Questão
The traditional organizational budget is
Responda
  • category-oriented
  • project-oriented
  • program-oriented
  • project-oriented or program-oriented

Questão 126

Questão
__________ budgeting allows income and expenditures to be aggregated across projects.
Responda
  • Category-oriented
  • Activity-oriented
  • Project-oriented
  • Expense-oriented

Questão 127

Questão
The authors identify ____________ estimation errors as the two types of generic estimation errors.
Responda
  • small and large
  • random and planned
  • certain and uncertain
  • random and biased

Questão 128

Questão
The pattern of deviations in cost and usage used for exception reporting to management is called
Responda
  • simulations
  • assumptions
  • variances
  • summaries

Questão 129

Questão
___________ costs vary with output.
Responda
  • general and administrative
  • overhead
  • direct
  • indirect

Questão 130

Questão
Unless the project manager is familiar with the firm's ______________ it will be very difficult to exercise budget control.
Responda
  • accounting system
  • budget plans
  • marketing procedure
  • cost accounting

Questão 131

Questão
The __________ form of budgeting has the advantage of using individuals closer to the work to provide estimates of resource requirements.
Responda
  • top-down budgeting
  • work element costing
  • bottom-up budgeting
  • iterative budgeting

Questão 132

Questão
The ___________ charge is composed of the costs of senior management, the various data functions, and any other expenses not included in overhead. Often, these charges are a fixed percentage of either the direct costs or the total of all direct and indirect costs.
Responda
  • salary
  • project management
  • ethical
  • G&A

Questão 133

Questão
Each time the output doubles, the worker hours per unit decrease to a fixed percentage of their previous value. That percentage is called the ___________ rate.
Responda
  • inflation
  • hurdle
  • interest
  • learning

Questão 134

Questão
Suppose that a person requires 60 minutes to complete a work element on the first attempt. On the second attempt, the work element is completed in 48 minutes. The learning rate for this person is _________% for this work element
Responda
  • 80
  • 60
  • 70
  • 120

Questão 135

Questão
_____________ relies on well-known statistical correlations between various factors such as the total cost of a house relative to the square feet of living area.
Responda
  • Parametric estimating
  • Statistical equivalence
  • Bottom-up estimating
  • Top-down estimating

Questão 136

Questão
A budget strategy that is based on collecting the judgments and experiences of top and middle managers is referred to as the ___________ approach or method.
Responda
  • parametric estimating
  • statistical equivalence
  • bottom-up estimating
  • top-down estimating

Questão 137

Questão
________________ are where the defined responses to the risks are detailed, but their amounts are not yet precisely known.
Responda
  • Known-unknowns
  • Unknown-knowns
  • Known-knowns
  • Unknown-unknowns

Questão 138

Questão
Unknown-unknowns are not part of the baseline budget and are referred to as
Responda
  • management reserves
  • contingency reserves
  • PMBOK reserves
  • Buffered reserves

Questão 139

Questão
The advantage of the ____________ process is that it is generally associated with participative management
Responda
  • bottom-up
  • top-down
  • Murphy's
  • Efficient

Questão 140

Questão
______________ issues are present when bidders "low-ball" a bid or when some bidders get a "last look."
Responda
  • Ethical
  • Strategic
  • Efficient
  • Effective

Questão 141

Questão
The authors recommend preparing a schedule for each
Responda
  • work package in the WBS
  • task in the WBS
  • major task level in the WBS
  • project that has a WBS

Questão 142

Questão
In the AOA network, circles depict
Responda
  • networks
  • events
  • logical dependencies
  • dummy activities

Questão 143

Questão
The shortest time in which the entire network can be completed is referred to as the
Responda
  • critical time of the network
  • real duration of the network
  • elapsed time of the network
  • slack time of the network

Questão 144

Questão
A precedence relationship where the completion of a successor activity depends on the completion of a predecessor activity is called a
Responda
  • start to finish dependency
  • finish to start dependency
  • finish to finish dependency
  • start to start dependency

Questão 145

Questão
A precedent relationship where the completion of a predecessor activity depends on the initiation of a successor activity is called a
Responda
  • start to finish dependency
  • finish to start dependency
  • finish to finish dependency
  • start to start dependency

Questão 146

Questão
The difference between the late start and early start for an activity is called its
Responda
  • critical path
  • task
  • progress
  • float

Questão 147

Questão
A(n) __________ is the conversion of the project work breakdown structure into an operating timetable.
Responda
  • chart
  • application
  • crash
  • schedule

Questão 148

Questão
A(n) _________ is a specific task or set of tasks that are required by the project, use up resources, and take time to complete
Responda
  • milestone
  • activity
  • node
  • path

Questão 149

Questão
The arrangement of all activities (and, in some cases, events) in a project arrayed in their logical sequence and represented by arcs and nodes is called a
Responda
  • network
  • critical path
  • path
  • crashed path

Questão 150

Questão
In a network, if the delay of an activity will delay completion of the project, the activity is called a(n)
Responda
  • valuable
  • efficient
  • critical
  • noteworthy

Questão 151

Questão
In AOA networks, an activity of zero duration is called a(n)
Responda
  • dummy activity
  • critical
  • important
  • critical activity

Questão 152

Questão
The _____________ chart shows planned and actual progress for a number of tasks displayed against a horizontal timescale.
Responda
  • PERT
  • timeline
  • critical
  • Gantt

Questão 153

Questão
A clearly identifiable point in a project or set of activities that commonly denotes a reporting requirement or completion of a large or important set of activities is called a(n)
Responda
  • milestone
  • anniversary
  • node
  • dummy activity

Questão 154

Questão
In AON diagrams, a(n) ________________ is a point where one or more lines (arrows) begin or terminate, commonly used for depicting an event or activity.
Responda
  • activity
  • path
  • node
  • arc

Questão 155

Questão
______________ is the amount of one factor that must be sacrificed in order to achieve more or less of another factor.
Responda
  • trade-off
  • synergy
  • barter limit
  • limiting quantity

Questão 156

Questão
A _____________ is a combination of interrelated activities and events depicted with arcs and nodes.
Responda
  • linked plan
  • chain of events
  • critical chain
  • network

Questão 157

Questão
____________ law suggests that work expands to fill the allotted time.
Responda
  • Parkinson's
  • Murphy's
  • Brooks'
  • Federal

Questão 158

Questão
In application, PERT has primarily been used for
Responda
  • construction projects
  • manufacturing projects
  • industrial projects
  • research and development projects

Questão 159

Questão
The authors define _________ as the time an activity can be delayed without affecting the start time of any successor activity
Responda
  • free slack
  • total slack
  • project slack
  • overhead slack

Questão 160

Questão
__________ is one possible way to check the nature and impacts of interactions between probabilistic paths in a network.
Responda
  • simulation
  • extrapolation
  • guessing
  • probabilistic time estimates

Questão 161

Questão
If deterministic time estimates are used, and if project deadlines are firm, there is a high likelihood that it will
Responda
  • not be necessary to crash any activities in projects
  • be necessary to crash the last few activities of most projects
  • be completed on time and within budget
  • be completed as per schedule

Questão 162

Questão
Assume two activities, printing and binding. Printing is a predecessor of binding. If printing is _______, then binding will start late by whatever amount of lateness is bequeathed to it by printing.
Responda
  • necessary
  • early
  • late
  • time-neutral

Questão 163

Questão
________ aims to minimize the period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances. The purpose is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage.
Responda
  • Resource loading
  • Resource leveling
  • Scope loading
  • Resource succeeding

Questão 164

Questão
A project task is said to be __________ if it requires a fixed amount of time and known quantities of resources
Responda
  • scope constrained
  • time constrained
  • resource constrained
  • system constrained

Questão 165

Questão
One of the problems that Goldratt observed was that if an activity has slack time, the task might become delayed until the slack is removed. This is referred to as
Responda
  • Goldratt's Law
  • Murphy's Law
  • the delay game
  • the student syndrome

Questão 166

Questão
The points between the extreme points of the relationship between time use and resource use represent
Responda
  • time constrained projects
  • resource constrained projects
  • alternative trade-offs between time and resources
  • a non-feasible solution space of trade-off alternatives related to time and resource use

Questão 167

Questão
The _________ technique overlaps the design and build phases of a project to expedite its completion.
Responda
  • crashing
  • fast-tracking
  • leading
  • blitzing

Questão 168

Questão
Most heuristic solution methods start with the _____________ and analyze resource usage period by period, resource by resource.
Responda
  • GERT schedule
  • Gantt chart
  • PERT/CPM schedule
  • Master schedule

Questão 169

Questão
The use of ______________ activity time estimates may reduce the chance that crashing the project will be needed.
Responda
  • one probabilistic
  • two probabilistic
  • three probabilistic
  • four probabilistic

Questão 170

Questão
The standard practice with AOA and AON is to estimate activity times under the assumption of resource loadings that are
Responda
  • probabillistic
  • crashed
  • normal
  • dynamic

Questão 171

Questão
With respect to project scheduling, __________ is the amount of work waiting to be processed because there is a shortage of some resource.
Responda
  • in-process inventory
  • schedule slippage
  • resource utilization
  • management delay

Questão 172

Questão
If the appropriate scheduling equation for task A of a project were W = D * U, and it was initialized so that W = 40d, D = 10d, and U = 4 resources, and task A is an effort-driven activity, correctly balance this equation if the value for U is changed from 4 to 5. To balance the equation, the altered variable and its new value are
Responda
  • D = 6w
  • W = 6d
  • D = 8d
  • W = 8d

Questão 173

Questão
The principal reason why a project manager is surprised by resource constraints on a project is the failure to include _________ in risk identification activities.
Responda
  • resource availability
  • resource cost
  • resource mobility
  • resource skill

Questão 174

Questão
Which of the following describes a situation where priorities are assigned to activities according to some rule not associated with task length, slack, or resource requirements?
Responda
  • student's syndrome
  • arbitrary
  • most successors
  • most resources

Questão 175

Questão
The two fundamental approaches to constrained allocation problems are
Responda
  • heuristic approaches and rules of thumb
  • linear programming approaches and optimization models
  • heuristic approaches and optimization models
  • goal programming and trial and error

Questão 176

Questão
When crashing a project, our first task is to develop
Responda
  • a table or graph of the cost of a project as a function of the project's possible completion dates
  • a schedule that shows the risks associated with each activity in the project
  • a list that shows the activities and the events of a project without referring to the costs
  • a table showing the noncritical activities and the cost associated with each of those activities

Questão 177

Questão
In some situations, two activities are scheduled to be carried out in parallel and using the same scarce resource. If the supply of the scarce resource is not sufficient to allow both activities to be carried out simultaneously, then whichever of the two is given priority immediately lengthens the other activity's path but not its actual
Responda
  • duration
  • slack
  • float
  • buffer

Questão 178

Questão
The two principles to follow when crashing a project focuses on the
Responda
  • critical path and selects the least expensive alternative
  • critical path and selects the most expensive alternative
  • shortest path and selects the least expensive alternative
  • shortest path and selects the most expensive alternative

Questão 179

Questão
Using Goldratt's meaning of the word "dependent," the activities of a project can be ordered into paths based on their resource dependencies as well as on their technological precedence requirements. The longest of these paths of sequentially time-dependent activities is known as the
Responda
  • priority chain
  • critical chain
  • dependency path
  • heuristic path

Questão 180

Questão
The ___________ heuristic provides a general solution for critical path and time and is usually the default rule for a schedule.
Responda
  • as soon as possible
  • as late as possible
  • minimum slack first
  • shortest task first

Questão 181

Questão
Monitoring, as an activity, should be kept distinct from __________, which uses data supplied by monitoring to bring actual performance into approximate congruence with planned performance.
Responda
  • recording
  • controlling
  • collecting
  • reporting

Questão 182

Questão
An appropriate and common secondary user for monitoring includes
Responda
  • auditing, learning from mistakes, and reporting progress and status
  • exercising effective control over the project
  • evaluating current status of the project
  • fixing the blame when things go wrong

Questão 183

Questão
According to the authors, the key items to be planned, monitored, and controlled are
Responda
  • schedule, budget, and financial stability
  • schedule, quality, performance, and customer satisfaction
  • schedule, budget, and feasibility
  • schedule, budget, and performance

Questão 184

Questão
According to the authors, in the planning - monitoring - controlling cycle, the directions of the flows indicate that
Responda
  • information flows from the top to bottom and authority flows from the bottom to the top
  • information flows from the bottom to the top and authority flows from the top to the bottom
  • authority flows from the bottom to the top
  • information flows from the top to the bottom

Questão 185

Questão
The first step in setting up a monitoring system is to
Responda
  • collect existing data to see what data is relevant and available
  • collect every available piece of information so it can be analyzed
  • use whatever information is available
  • identify the key factors to be controlled

Questão 186

Questão
In earned value analysis, the 50-50 rule assumes that
Responda
  • 50 percent is earned when the task is half done and 50 percent is earned at completion
  • 50 percent is earned when the task begins and 50 percent is earned at completion
  • 50 percent is earned when the task begins and 50 percent is earned at the halfway stage
  • 50 percent is earned when the project is planned and 50 percent is earned when the project is over

Questão 187

Questão
In earned value analysis, if the cost variance is (-$10,000),
Responda
  • the cost variance is favorable
  • the cost variance is unfavorable
  • the scheduled variance is favorable
  • the scheduled cost avoidance is unfavorable

Questão 188

Questão
One of the most common errors when collecting data is
Responda
  • collecting rapidly changing data frequently
  • collecting data infrequently because data collection is so time consuming
  • collecting data that rarely changes
  • reporting to management after collecting data

Questão 189

Questão
Reports for ______________ have a need for detailed information about individual tasks and the factors affecting such tasks.
Responda
  • top executives
  • lower-level personnel
  • all the stakeholders
  • project managers

Questão 190

Questão
The project control process should be viewed as a(n) ________________, with revised plans and schedules (if warranted) following corrective actions. The project control process should run continuously until the project is completed.
Responda
  • closed loop system
  • open loop system
  • open environment
  • earned value plan

Questão 191

Questão
Ordinal rankings of performance are examples of a _________ type of measure.
Responda
  • frequency count
  • raw number
  • verbal measure
  • subjective numeric rating

Questão 192

Questão
____________ are used when some aspect of system performance cannot be measured directly
Responda
  • Indicators
  • Frequency counts
  • Raw numbers
  • Verbal measures

Questão 193

Questão
____________ can often give the project manager early warning signals of potential problems in a project and help understand the relationships of individual tasks to one another and to the overall project.
Responda
  • Detailed and timely reports
  • Executive summaries
  • Scope change reports
  • The WBS

Questão 194

Questão
The earned value rule that divides the actual task time-to-date by the scheduled time for the task to calculate percent complete is called the _________ rule.
Responda
  • 50-50
  • 0-100 percent
  • critical input use
  • proportionality

Questão 195

Questão
In earned value analysis, EAC refers to the
Responda
  • estimated cost at completion
  • estimated actual cost
  • eliminated annual cost
  • estimated annual cost

Questão 196

Questão
In earned value analysis, BAC refers to the
Responda
  • budgeted annual cost
  • budget at completion
  • budget at close-out
  • big annual cost

Questão 197

Questão
If EV= $500, AC = $475, PV = $450; SV =
Responda
  • $50
  • $25
  • 90%
  • 95%

Questão 198

Questão
If CSI is less than 1, it is indicative of a(n)
Responda
  • problem
  • good project
  • efficient project
  • budget error

Questão 199

Questão
Conceptually, EAC represents the amount spent to date
Responda
  • plus the delay costs
  • BAC
  • CV
  • ETC

Questão 200

Questão
In earned value analysis, the 0 - 100 percent rule allows
Responda
  • 100 percent credit before starting work and 0 percent credit after the completion
  • 0 percent credit when work begins and 100 percent credit when the project is complete
  • 0 percent credit when work begins and 100 percent credit at completion of the activity
  • 0 percent credit at completion of the activity and 100 percent credit at formal acceptance during scope verification

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