Questão 1
Questão
The reaction of antibody with a non soluble antigen or an antigen-cated particles result in formation of visible to the eye clumb is called
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agglutination
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precipitation
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neutralization
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complement fixation test
Questão 2
Questão
ELlSA makes use of:
Questão 3
Questão
widal from used to.....
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slide agglutination test
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tube agglutination
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CUT
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lectin pathway
Questão 4
Questão
Which of the following immunoglobulins may be transferes to the fetus during pregnancy
Questão 5
Questão
The genus specific name for group A streptococci is
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streptococcus pneumonia
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streptococcus viridans
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streptococcus diphtheria
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streptococcus pyogenes
Questão 6
Questão
The main pathogenic factor of corynebacterium diphtheria is
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an endotoxin
-
an exotoxin
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a spore
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a protein
Questão 7
Questão
The specific prophylaxis of diphtheria is performed by
Questão 8
Questão
Which of the following statement concerning cholera infection is correct?
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death occurs in 46 weeks exclusion and respiratory failure
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the disease is marked by microorganism invasion and hemorrhage of large intestine
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vibrio cholera produce an acute fehrile disease with
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the disease is rapidly progressive and maybe fatal in 2 days because of bacterial multiplication in the gut and shock
Questão 9
Questão
Beta lactamase production is a major problem for treatment of infections caused by:
Questão 10
Questão
HIV has been shown to be transmitted by one of the following except
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Sexual contact
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Perinatal infection
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Mosquitos
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Blood transfer
Questão 11
Questão
Each organism is identified by two names including:
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family and kingdom
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genus and species
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family and species
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family and genus
Questão 12
Questão
[blank_start]Simple[blank_end] techniques of staining make use of only one dye,where as [blank_start]Complex[blank_end] staining a combination of dyes?
Questão 13
Questão
The volutine granules of corynebacterium diptheria are visualized by [blank_start]Neisser[blank_end] Staining
Questão 14
Questão
The following structure are located in the cytoplasmic membrane?
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spore
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nucleotid
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ribosomes
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capsule
Questão 15
Questão
Based on their cell wall structure bacteria are divided into:
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gram(+) and gram(-)
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aerobe and anerobe
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sphere and spinal
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cocci and rods
Questão 16
Questão
Peptidoglycan polymers are found only in:
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bacterial cell
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animal cell
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a,b
-
viruses
Questão 17
Questão
Flagella are present in every bacterium
Questão 18
Questão
Sporulation appears to be
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an initiation of the bacterium cell
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a reaction to conditions that are unfavorable for normal growth
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a status to resist desiccation and other harmful conditions
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a,b
-
b,c
Questão 19
Questão
The complete killing or removal of all microorganisms including bacterial spores is called?
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sterilization
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disinfection
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antisepsis
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non is true
Questão 20
Questão
Cytoplasm contains:
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storage granules
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spores
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capsules
Questão 21
Questão
Which of following component are not found in the gram negative cell wall?
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amino acids
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lipopolysaccharides
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peptidoglycan
-
teichoic acids
Questão 22
Questão
Pfeiffer technique of staining makes use of following dye?
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methylene blue
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ziehl’s fuchsine
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neutral red
-
gentian violet
Questão 23
Questão
Which of the following structure contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance
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plasmld
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pilli
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capsules
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plasma membrane
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells
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flagella
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plasmid
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peptidoglycan
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glycocalix
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following is not a gram negative microbe
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Clostridum perfringes
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Vibrio cholerae
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excheriehia
-
bordetella
Questão 26
Questão
What causes it to be pink
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pheiffer's fuchsine
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gram iodine
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crystale violet
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neisser
Questão 27
Questão
Selective media are designed to
Questão 28
Questão
Which part of the antibody molecule reacts with the antigenic determinant agent
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the fab fragment
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the fe fragment
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the constant H region
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the constants
Questão 29
Questão
The chemical complement pathway is activated by
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microbial endotoxins
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antigen-antibody complex
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microbial proteins
Questão 30
Questão
All of the following statement about exotoxins are true expect
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they are produce mainly by gram (+) bacteria
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they may be neutralized by antitoxins
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they are proteins
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they are heat stable at 100*
Questão 31
Questão
In Solid media bacterial growth is detected by observing
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appearance of colonies
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development of pellet
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development of turbidity
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a surface membrane
Questão 32
Questão
The last phase of bacterial growth curve is:
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log phase
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lag phase
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stationary phase
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phase of decline
Questão 33
Questão
Which of the following component is not found in the gram(-) cell wall
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lipopolysaccharide
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peptidoglycan
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teichoic acids
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O antigen
Questão 34
Questão
The antiseptic is:
Questão 35
Questão
Klett is a staining procedure for visualizing:
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spores
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capsules
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volutine granules
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nucleotid
Questão 36
Questão
All of the following media are differential except:
Questão 37
Questão
Immunoprophylaxis of tuberculosis includes:
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live affenuated vaccine BCG
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injection of antimycobacterial serum
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passive transfer of ready made antibodies from sensitized person
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a toxoid
Questão 38
Questão
Passive immunization is an application of:
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small doses of infective agent
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ready made antibodies, formed by another host in response to artificial immunization or to natural infection
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toxoids
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killed vaccines
Questão 39
Questão
Which of the following statements about exotoxins are true:
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they are produced mainly by gram(+) bacteria
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they may be neutralized by antitoxins
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they are proteins
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they are heat stable at 100*
Questão 40
Questão
Which of the following is not a distinctive characteristic of viruses
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viruses lack the machinery for protein synthesis
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viruses require living cells for replication
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viruses replicate by a process of binary fission
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viral genomes are either DNA or RNA but not both
Questão 41
Questão
the immune response elicited by Salk’s inactivated polio vaccine is deficient in specific
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secretory lgA
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serum IgA
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serum lgM
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IgG
Questão 42
Questão
All of the following are characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)expect?
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it bind to CD4 molecule preferentially
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it contains gp120 and gp30 envelope proteins
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it is the causative agent of AIDS
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it contains DNA within its core
Questão 43
Questão
Complement fixation test requires
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dissolved antigen
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corpusculum antigen
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antitoxin
-
complement
Questão 44
Questão
Which of the immunoglobin molecule is pentamenie
Questão 45
Questão
Resection of the transplanted organ due to preformed antibodies in recipient is defined
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hyper acute
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aclerated
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acute
-
chronic
Questão 46
Questão
microorganisms can be defined as living creatures so small that are not visible by eye
Questão 47
Questão
Loffler staining procedure stains bacteria in
Questão 48
Questão
Which of the following is not true related to endotoxins
Questão 49
Questão
Gram negative bacteria differ from gram(+) organism because they passes?
Questão 50
Questão
Most bacteria increase in number through the process of
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binary fission
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budding
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sporulation
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sexual reproduction
Questão 51
Questão
The term “growth” when for microorganism refer to
Questão 52
Questão
All of the following statement about bacteria cell division are true except:
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all bacteria double their number every 1 hour
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bacterial times are influenced by environmental conditions
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the two bacterial cells following division are genetically identical, they are ones
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all the above
Questão 53
Questão
Bacterial nucleotid consist of
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no chromosomes
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one chromosome
-
several chromosome
Questão 54
Questão
Bacterial capsule can be visual sated by:
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gram stain
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loeffler stain
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klett stain
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moller stain
Questão 55
Questão
Lipopolysacharides can be found in large amount in:
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gram(+) bacterial wall
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gram (-) bacterial wall
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both
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none of above
Questão 56
Questão
Complex methods for bacterial staining are
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Loeffler stain
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Pfefiffer stain
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Gram stain
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ZiehI-Neelsen stain
Questão 57
Questão
Specific identity (serotype) of influenza virus can be accomplished by:
Questão 58
Questão
enlargement of one or both parotid glands in the common clinical manifestation of:
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measles
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mumps
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rubella
-
grippe
Questão 59
Questão
The initial replication of human poliovirus starts in:
Questão 60
Questão
In congenital rubella the fetus produce:
Questão 61
Questão
The most common classification system used in microbiology is binomal and was established by:
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Pasteur
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Koch
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Linnaeus
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Gram
Questão 62
Questão
Common pili play role in bacterial;
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conjugation
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adherence to surface
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motility
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precipitation
Questão 63
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found in gram (+) bacteria
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found in gram(-) bacteria
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proteins
-
a structural component of the spore
Questão 64
Questão
Which of the following techniques allows to start with a single piece of microbial DNA and produce billions of copies in matter of hour
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PCR
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ELlSA
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hybridoma biotechnology
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IFA
Questão 65
Questão
Which of the following is the fastest way to kill endospores
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autoclave at 121*C
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hot air at 160*C
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clorox solution
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filtration
Questão 66
Questão
Gram positive bacterium is most susceptible to the action of penicillin in the following phase of growth?
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lag
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log
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stationary
-
decline
Questão 67
Questão
The primary immune response include participation of?
Questão 68
Questão
The first vaccine was used against:
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measles
-
tuberculosis
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hepatitis
-
small pox
Questão 69
Questão
The alternative pathway of complement activation is:
Questão 70
Questão
Which of the immunoglobulins mediates the local immunity
Questão 71
Questão
The formation of pharyngeal pseudomembrane is not indicative for
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tuberculosis
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diphtheria
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whooping
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gas gangrene
Questão 72
Questão
The most potent biological toxin known is
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clastridiumbotidinum exotoxin
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staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin
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bacillus cereus toxin
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clostridium perfringes exotoxin
Questão 73
Questão
The special staining method used for microscopic diagnosis of tuberculosis
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Gram
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Klett
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Ziehl-Neelsen
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Moller
Questão 74
Questão
Cytopathic effect is
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killing of bacteria by viruses
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absorption of red blood cells by surface of cultured cells
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damage of cultured infected cells and associated morphological change
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antigen-antibody reaction
Questão 75
Questão
Viruses contain the following type of nucleic acid
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DNA-single strained
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DNA double strained
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DNA or RNA
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both DNA and RNA
Questão 76
Questão
Hepatitis B virus is most often transmitted by
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sexual contact
-
air
-
blood transfusion
-
ticks
Questão 77
Questão
Varicellazinster virus is a member of
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hypersnviridae
-
hepadnaviridae
-
retroviridae
-
paenviridae
Questão 78
Questão
Epstizin Bar Virus is the causative agent of:
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measles
-
mumps
-
rubella
-
infectious mononucleosis
Questão 79
Questão
Sabin's vaccine against poliomyelitis is secretory immunity in the intestine
Questão 80
Questão
Spherical bacteria,arranged in cluster are known as:
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Staphylococci
-
Streptococci
-
Diplococci
-
Vibrios
Questão 81
Questão
Which concentration of ethyl alcohol is the most effective one as disinfectant and antiseptic
Questão 82
Questão
Penicillin specifically inhibits:
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protein synthesis
-
peptidoglyconsynthesis
-
nucleic acid synthesis
-
formation of capsules
Questão 83
Questão
Conjugation differs from transformation and transduction in that it requires a contact between the donor and the recipient:
Questão 84
Questão
Which of the following structure is involved in bacterial attachment to cell surface?
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capsule
-
flagella
-
pilli
-
measurants
Questão 85
Questão
Bacterial growth medium that contains penicillins:
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minimal medium
-
selective medium
-
differential medium
Questão 86
Questão
The antigen-antibody complex activates complement through:
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classical pathway
-
alternative pathway
-
lectin pathway
Questão 87
Questão 88
Questão
The unit of measurement of bacterial size is:
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nanometer
-
micrometer
-
millimeter
-
kilobase
Questão 89
Questão
Bacterial growth curve is generally separated into
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two distinct phase
-
three distinct phase
-
four distinct phase
-
five distinct phase
Questão 90
Questão
Resistance to many antibiotics is carried by:
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R plasmids
-
sex pilli
-
spores
-
capsules
Questão 91
Questão
Which of the following structures are known to protect bacteria from phago... by white blood cells
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-
flagella
-
spores
-
capsules
-
ribosomes
Questão 92
Questão
Spherical bacteria, arranged in chains are known as:
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staphylococci
-
streptococci
-
neisseria
-
bacilli
Questão 93
Questão
Endotoxins are associated with
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Catalase production
-
Flagella in gram (-) bacteria
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LPS (lipopolyshoccharide)
-
Capsules in gram (-) bacteria
Questão 94
Questão
The antigenic typing of salmonella spp detects:
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D, Vi and H antigens
-
Protein
-
M protein
-
Endotoxin
Questão 95
Questão
Which of the following test is used to detect delayed type hypersensitivity
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ASO test
-
CFT
-
Mantoux test
-
None of the above
Questão 96
Questão
Which are the most important immunoglobulins at the mucosal surfaces
Questão 97
Questão
Salmonella spp is causative agent of
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typhoid fever
-
cholera
-
paratyphoid fever
-
bacterial dysentery
Questão 98
Questão
There are animal reservoirs for:
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leptosspinosis
-
salmonellosis
-
cholera
-
diphtheria
Questão 99
Questão
Bacteria could be cultured in artificial nutrient media
Questão 100
Questão
The mean doubling time for most bacterium is
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8 hours
-
24 hours
-
20-30 minutes
-
4 weeks
Questão 101
Questão
Dark field microscopy is usually applied for
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stained preperations with irreversion cell between cochser
-
unstrained wet preparation with oil between the conduncer and the slide irreverSion
-
unstained wet properations with water between the condenser and the slide
-
ultra thin reactions of tissue
Questão 102
Questão
Which of the following component contain peptidoglycan?
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-
Gram(+) cell walls +F
-
DNA
-
Flagella
-
Cytoplasmic membrane
Questão 103
Questão
The clorax solution and ethyl alcohol are example of:
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sterilizing agents
-
disinfection
-
antibiotics
-
base analogs
Questão 104
Questão
Which immunoglobin contain j chain
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IgA and lgG
-
lgM and lgA
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lgG and IgM
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lgD and lgG
-
lgE
Questão 105
Questão
Which of the following are DNA viruses?
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-
adenoviruses
-
picornviruses
-
paramyxoviruses
-
orthomyoviruses
Questão 106
Questão
Which one is considered a vireal disease viral
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herpes simplex type 1
-
herpes simplex type 2
-
rubella vire
-
medual vire
Questão 107
Questão
Which of the following diagnostic markers persist in the blood stream of HBV infected individuals and is found an (imcatox) of infection
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HBsAg
-
anti-HAV antibodies
-
H-2
-
none of the above
Questão 108
Questão
All of the following statement about poliomyelitis are correct except:
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virus is transmitted mainly in respiratory droplets
-
most disease occur apparent sub-clinical infection
-
persistantviremiafam CNS involvement
-
spinal poliomyelitis involves the anterior born cells of the spinal cord
Questão 109
Questão
During the incubation period of the HBV infection which of the following viral diagnostic marker is most abundant in blood and is commonly used for diagnosis
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-
HBSAg
-
Anti-HAV antibodies
-
Anti-HCV antibodies
Questão 110
Questão
Influenza virus on RNA virus:
Questão 111
Questão
Human herpes virus 2 is usually associated with:
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-
genital herpes
-
measles
-
rubelia
-
erpes zoster
Questão 112
Questão
Human immunodeficiency virus belongs to:
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-
adenoviridae
-
retroviridae
-
togruviridae
-
poxviridae
Questão 113
Questão
The presence of low levels lgG but not lgM antibodies to rubella virus in the newborn suggests:
Questão 114
Questão
A four fold or greater increase in autoantibody titer,measured by appropriate available viral diagnostic test and performed on serum collected at time of disease onset and 14 days later would:
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-
be highly suggestive to the presence of the disease
-
indicate previous infection in healthy person
-
not be sufficient for diagnosis
-
not be informative since the serum specimens were not collected at proper interval of time
Questão 115
Questão
Current acute HAV infection is best diagnosed by the presence of?
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HBgcAg
-
anti-HBcsntibodies
-
IgM anti-HAV
-
delta antigen
Questão 116
Questão
Which of the following microorganisms lack a cell wall
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-
ram positive cocci
-
gram negative rods
-
richetsia
-
mycoplasma
Questão 117
Questão
All of the following statement are characteristics for group A strepcoccus?
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-
they are rarely resistaned to paraisitis
-
they produce beta-hemolysis on blood agar
-
they are sensitive to bacitracin
-
they are of the normal environment fiera
Questão 118
Questão
Herpes virus varicella is a member of (zoster) (varicella zoster virus is member of:
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-
herpes viridae
-
poxviridae
-
hepadnaviridae
-
retroviridae
Questão 119
Questão
Which of the following Viruses cause infection mononucleosis?
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-
Herpes simplex 1
-
Epstein-barr-viruses
-
CMV
-
Varicella zoster virus
Questão 120
Questão
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions are
Responda
-
anaphylactic and atopic
-
comlement-mediated cytolysis
-
immune-complexes mediated
-
cell mediated with participation
Questão 121
Questão
The causative agent of AIDS is:
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-
Human herpes virus
-
Haemophilus influenzae
-
Human papilloma virus
-
HIV
Questão 122
Questão
Which of the following components contain peptidoglycan?
Responda
-
Gram (+) cell walls
-
Gram (-) cell walls
-
DNA
-
Cytoplasmic membrane
Questão 123
Questão
Risus sardonicus refers to:
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-
diphtheria
-
measles
-
tetanus
-
botulism
Questão 124
Questão
Slide agglutination test detects:
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-
microbial antigens
-
unknown
-
viral particles
-
bacterial phagocytosis
Questão 125
Questão
Protein A is a surface protein covalently bound to most strains of
Questão 126
Questão
Which of the following interferons participate in the .... immune response?
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-
interferon alpha
-
interferon beta
-
interferon gamma
Questão 127
Questão
The microbiological test that is widely used for the diagnosis of staphylococcal
Questão 128
Questão
Which of the following statements are characteristics for group A streptococci
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-
they are rarely resistant to penicillin
-
they produce Beta-hemolysis on blood agar
-
they are sensitive to bacitracin
-
they are part of the normal intestinal flora
Questão 129
Questão
Which of the following vaccines is of routine use?
Responda
-
against smallpox
-
against hepatitis
-
against measles
-
against mumps
Questão 130
Questão
Which of the following vaccines is not of routine use anymore
Questão 131
Questão
Which are is consider venereal disease virus
Responda
-
herpes simplex type 1
-
herpes simplex 2
-
rubella
Questão 132
Questão
The subspecies group are identified on the basis of
Questão 133
Questão
The main pathogenic factor of clostridium tetani is
Responda
-
endotoxin
-
exotoxin
-
spores
-
capsule
Questão 134
Questão
RIA makes use of:
Questão 135
Questão
Which of the following immunoglobulin is the principal immunoglobin in exocrine secretion?
Questão 136
Questão
The causative agents of tetanus is:
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-
clostridium difficile
-
clostridium botulinum
-
clostridium perfingens
-
clostridium tetani
Questão 137
Questão
The positive coagulase test for staphylococcus aureus is indicated by:
Questão 138
Questão
This microorganism causes a sexually transmitted disease that can be diagnosed by demonstration of cytoplasmic inclusions in......?
Responda
-
Chlamydia atrachomatis
-
Candida albicans
-
Trepomena pfedure
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Questão 139
Questão
Viridans streptococci:
Responda
-
can cause neonatal sepsis
-
are involved in urinary infection in females
-
are the most frequent cause of bacterial endocarditis
-
cause zoonotic disease transmitted to humans primary by contact with animal urine
Questão 140
Questão
Which of the following statement about microbiological diagnosis of diphtheria is correct
Responda
-
Microorganisms are coagulase positive
-
microscopy from culture on lofller’s medium or tallarite agar would reveal characteristic chinede letter formation
-
microorganisms are impossible to be identified by Neisser stain because of their small size
-
microorganisms are delicate and can be cultured only in ell culture
Questão 141
Questão
Exotoxins play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of each of the following EXCEPT:
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botulism
-
diphtheria
-
tetanus
-
plaque
Questão 142
Questão
Influenza virus belongs to:
Responda
-
hepado viridae
-
orthomyxoviridae
-
paramyxoviridae
-
hypesviridae
Questão 143
Questão
Which of the following is the leading cause of post transfusion hepatitis producing the highest frequency of chronic disease
Responda
-
hepatitis A virus (HAV)
-
hepatitls B virus (HBV)
-
hepatitis C virus (HCV)
-
hepatitis D
Questão 144
Questão
Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest serum level in healthy adults
Questão 145
Questão
Trepanemapallidum is the causative agent of:
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-
typhoid fever
-
plague
-
syphilis
-
tuberculosis
Questão 146
Questão
The pathogenesis and clinical of primary tuberculosis are characterized by
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-
cell mediated response with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltrating the focus of infection
-
a complement mediated immune response
-
a humoral mediated immune response
-
an absence of adaptive immune response
Questão 147
Questão
Which form of plague is most likely to be transmitted from human to human:
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-
typhoidal
-
sylvatic
-
pneumonic
-
ulceroglandular
Questão 148
Questão
Staphylococci differ from streptococci in:
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-
gram reactivity
-
cell diameter
-
acid fast staining
-
catalase production
Questão 149
Questão
All of the following characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium are true EXCEPT:
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-
has a multianimal reservoir
-
is one of the most common causes of enterocolitis
-
ferments lactose
-
is a gram (-), molite, endotoxin bearing rod
Questão 150
Questão
Which of the following characteristics concerning influenza A virus is correct
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it can always cause generalized infections
-
it can always cause encephalitis
-
it has the capacity to undergo shift and drift
-
it has nonsegmented negative sense genoma
Questão 151
Questão
Hepatitis A virus is most often transmitter by
Responda
-
sexual contact
-
contaminated food
-
blood transfusion
-
shared needles
Questão 152
Questão
All of the following statements are characteristic for group A streptococci EXCEPT:
Responda
-
they are rarely resistant to Penicillin
-
they produce beta-hemolysis on blood agar
-
they are sensitive to bacitracin
-
they are part of the normal intestinal flora