12465870
Descrição
Quiz por Rachel O' Flynn, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Rachel O' Flynn
quase 7 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
Shortening of the muscle occurs by the [blank_start]sliding filament[blank_end] mechanism
- [blank_start]actin[blank_end] filaments slide along adjacent [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] filaments by cycling of cross-bridges with myosin
• The [blank_start]Z[blank_end] lines come closer together and the muscle cell shortens
• The cardiac muscle thus produces [blank_start]force[blank_end] or tension
Responda
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sliding filament
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actin
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myosin
-
Z
-
force
Questão 2
Responda
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Total
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Active
-
Passive
Questão 3
Questão
This ability of cardiac muscle to increase its [blank_start]contractile[blank_end] force with a slight increase in its [blank_start]length[blank_end] underlies its ability to control [blank_start]stroke volume[blank_end] (the volume of blood ejected from the heart during a single beat)
Responda
-
contractile
-
length
-
stroke volume
Questão 4
Questão
If the muscle is overstretched (ie, during dilation of the heart), its ability to produce an active tension is reduced
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Responda
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ejection
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filling
-
stroke volume
-
isovolumetric relaxation
-
isovolumetric contraction
Questão 6
Responda
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Starling curve
Questão 7
Questão
Label the graph with the following; increased, normal, decreased
Responda
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increased
-
increased
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normal
-
decreased
Questão 8
Questão
Increased contractility means
Responda
-
higher stroke volume for the same end diastolic volume
-
lower stroke volume for the same end diastolic volume
-
higher stroke volume for the higer end diastolic volume
-
higher stroke volume for the lower end diastolic volume
Questão 9
Questão
A rise to a higher starling curve means decreased contractility
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 10
Questão
dP/dtmax is a good measure of
Responda
-
myocardial contractility
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myocardial reponse
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myocardial dilation
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myocardial pressure
Questão 11
Questão
Label the following curves A, B and C
Responda
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control
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B
-
C
Questão 12
Questão
Agents that cause an increase in contractility are said to have a positive [blank_start]inotropic[blank_end] effect
Responda
-
inotropic
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following are examples of positive inotropic agents?
Responda
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noradrenaline
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adrenaline
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digoxin
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verapamil
Questão 14
Questão
Positive inotropic agents have the general effect of increasing
Responda
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Ca^2+
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K^+
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Cl^-
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Na^+
Questão 15
Questão
Which of the following are negative inotropic agents?
Responda
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calcium channel blockers
-
beta adrenergic blockers
-
hypoxia
-
epinephrine
Questão 16
Responda
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actin
-
tropomyosin
-
troponin complex
-
myosin body
-
myosin head
-
z line
Questão 17
Questão
CICR stands for [blank_start]calcium induced calcium release[blank_end]
Responda
-
calcium induced calcium release
Questão 18
Questão
SERCA stands for [blank_start]sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum[blank_end] calcium ATPase
Responda
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sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following statements are true?
Responda
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Junctional SR is studded with Ca2+ release channels
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RYR is a giant protein with a terminal foot with a T-shaped tube in its centre through which Ca2+ ions are releases
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The density of RYR is low near L-type Ca channels
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The distance between the Ca channels and the RYR is very short (nm)
Questão 20
Responda
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2
-
3
-
3
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phospholamban
-
junctional SR
-
ryanodine receptor
-
transverse tubule
-
CICR
-
extracellular fluid
Questão 21
Questão
What is SERCA regulated by?
Responda
-
phospholamban
-
ryanodine
-
CICR
-
noradrenaline
Questão 22
Questão
What happens at the end of contraction?
Responda
-
Ca2+ influx ceases and the SR is no longer stimulated to release Ca2+
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the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ must be rapidly reduced
-
most of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ is pumped back into the SR by SERCA
-
a small amount of calcium is pumped out of the cell by the cell membrane Ca pump
Questão 23
Questão
What does sympathetic stimulation of the cardiac muscle produce?
Responda
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Increase in active tension
-
Increase in the rate of active tension development
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Increase in the rate of tension relaxation
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Increase in passive tension
-
Increase in the rate of passive relaxation
-
decrease in active tension
-
decrease in passive tension
Questão 24
Responda
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beta adrenergic stimulation
-
control
Questão 25
Questão
Label the pink rectangles 1-12( step 2 is there twice). Label the blue ovals cardiac glycosides, catecholamine, troponin I, troponin C and phospolamban
Responda
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1
-
2
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
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troponin c
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troponin I
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phospholamban
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catecholamine
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cardiac glycosides
Questão 26
Questão
cAMP activates [blank_start]protein kinase A[blank_end]
Responda
-
protein kinase A
Questão 27
Questão
Protein Kinase A [blank_start]phosphorylates[blank_end] the L-type calcium channel
Responda
-
phosphorylates
Questão 28
Questão
Which of the following are true?
Responda
-
Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration increases the force of contraction (positive inotropic effect)
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Protein kinase A phosphorylates Phospholamban and Troponin I
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phosphorylation of troponin I leads to inhibition of binding of calcium to troponin C and relaxation occurs
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phosphorylation of phospholamban leads to reduced inhibition of SERCA which leads to increased uptake of calcium into the SR and relaxation occurs
-
Phospholamban phosphorylation promotes the rate of contraction
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