12636659
Descrição
Quiz por Alannah McDonnell, atualizado more than 1 year ago
|
Criado por Alannah McDonnell
mais de 6 anos atrás
|
|
Questão 1
Questão
What is the fed state?
Responda
-
The absorptive state
-
The 2-4 hour period after ingestion of a normal meal
-
The time after you’ve eaten something
-
The 8 hours after ingestion
Questão 2
Questão
What happens during the fed state?
Responda
-
Plasma levels of CHO, AAs and TAGS rise
-
Plasma levels of CHO, AAs and TAGs fall
-
Islet tissue responds
-
An anabolic period
-
A catabolic period
-
Glucose used as fuel
-
Gluconeogenis is mainly used
-
Metabolic response dominated by alterations in the liver, adipose tissue, muscle and brain
Questão 3
Questão
What factors control the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Responda
-
Availability of substrates
-
Allosteric activators and inhibitors
-
Synthesis of new enzyme molecules
-
Covalent modification of enzymes
Questão 4
Questão
When does fasting begin?
Responda
-
If no food is ingested after the absorptive period
-
Once ingestion of a meal ends
-
When eating stops
-
Before the absorptive period begins
Questão 5
Questão
How quickly does the availability of substrates affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Responda
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Seconds
-
Hours to days
Questão 6
Questão
How quickly does the allosteric activators and inhibitors affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Responda
-
Seconds
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Hours to days
Questão 7
Questão
How quickly does the covalent modification of enzymes affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Responda
-
Seconds
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Hours to days
Questão 8
Questão
How quickly does the synthesis of new enzyme molecules affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Responda
-
Seconds
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Hours to days
Questão 9
Questão
The fed state is a ...
Responda
-
anabolic period
-
catabolic period
-
osmotic period
Questão 10
Questão
During the fed state nutrients are captured as...
Responda
-
Glycogen
-
TAG
-
proteins
-
alcohol
-
sugar
Questão 11
Questão
Glucokinase has a _______ Km for glucose
Responda
-
high
-
low
Questão 12
Questão
How does the liver respond to high blood glucose levels?
Responda
-
by increasing the phosphorylation of glucose
-
by decreasing the phosphorylation of glucose
-
by ingesting glucokinase
-
by allowing sodium into the cell to counteract the blood glucose levels
-
by releasing insulin
Questão 13
Questão
What enzyme phosphorylates glucose?
Responda
-
glucokinase
-
fructokinase
-
amalase
-
glucolase
Questão 14
Questão
Glucose uptake by the hepatocyte __________ rate limiting
Responda
-
is
-
is not
Questão 15
Questão
What trasports glucose iinto the liver?
Responda
-
GLUT 4
-
insulin
-
glucokinase
-
fructokinase
-
amalase
Questão 16
Questão
In the well fed (absorptive state) Glycogen Synthase has a part in one of the major metabolic pathways.
What is glycogen synthase activated by?
Responda
-
glucose 6-P
-
glucose 7-P
-
glucokinase
-
fructokinase
Questão 17
Questão
What GLUTs do adipocytes contain?
Responda
-
the insulin sensitive GLUT 4
-
the insulin sensitive GLUT 3
-
the non - insulin sensitive GLUT 4
-
the non-insulin sensitive GLUT 3
-
the insulin sensitive GLUT 2
Questão 18
Questão
Carbohydrate metabolism in the fed state causes.....
Responda
-
Increased glucose transport
-
increased glycolysis
-
increased PPP
-
increased TAG storage
Questão 19
Questão
Fat metabolism in the fed state causes...
Responda
-
Increased TAG storage
-
Increased glucose transport
-
increased glycolysis
-
increased PPP
Questão 20
Questão
In the absorptive state, CHO Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.
Responda
-
increased glucose transport
-
increased glycogen synthesis
-
increased Fatty Acids
-
increased protein degradation.
-
increased glucose synthase
Questão 21
Questão
The absorptive state is the same as the fed state
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 22
Questão
In the absorptive state, Fat Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.
Responda
-
Fatty acids from chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase
-
increased glucose transport
-
increased uptake of BCAAs
-
hunger
-
increased glucose synthase
Questão 23
Questão
In the absorptive state, Amino Acid Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.
Responda
-
increased protein synthase
-
Increased uptake of BCAAs
-
increased glycogen synthesis
-
FA breakdown
-
Protein breakdown
-
amalgamation of amino acids
Questão 24
Questão
During the absorptive state the grain completely....
Responda
-
oxidizes glucose to CO2 and Water
-
oxidizes glycogen to CO2 and Water
-
oxidizes glycogen to O2 and Water
-
oxidizes glucose to O2 and Water
Questão 25
Questão
What is the main GLUT used in the brain?
Responda
-
insulin insensitive GLUT-1
-
insulin sensitive GLUT-1
-
insulin insensitive GLUT-3
-
insulin sensitive GLUT-3
Questão 26
Questão
During the fasting state, plasma levels of glucose, amino acids and TAG fall triggering a ....
Responda
-
decline in insulin secretion
-
increase in insulin secretion
-
increase in inulin secretion
-
decline in glucagon secretion
-
increase in glucagon secretion
Questão 27
Questão
the fasting state is __________
Responda
-
catabolic
-
anabolic
Questão 28
Questão
One of the [blank_start]2[blank_end] priorities during the [blank_start]fasting[blank_end] state is the need to maintain adequate [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] levels of [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] to sustain energy metabolism of the [blank_start]brain,[blank_end] [blank_start]RBC[blank_end]s and other glucose requiring tissues.
Responda
-
RBC
-
WBC
-
2
-
3
-
fasting
-
fed
-
plasma
-
blood
-
glucose
-
glycogen
-
brain,
-
liver
Questão 29
Questão
The other priority in the [blank_start]fasting[blank_end] state is the need to mobilize [blank_start]fatty[blank_end] acids from [blank_start]adipose[blank_end] tissue, and the synthesis and release of ketone bodies from the [blank_start]liver[blank_end] to supply [blank_start]energy[blank_end] to all other tissues.
Responda
-
fasting
-
fed
-
fatty
-
amino
-
starchy
-
adipose
-
muscle
-
carbohydrate
-
liver
-
kidneys
-
energy
Questão 30
Questão
Hepatic _________ maintains blood glucose
Responda
-
glycogenolysis
-
glucose synthase
-
glycogen metabolism
-
osmolarity
-
glucofructokinase
Questão 31
Questão
Which of these are used in the liver for gluconeogenesis?
Responda
-
lactate
-
glycerol
-
alanine
-
glucose
Questão 32
Questão
What cycle is important in hepatic gluconeogenesis?
Responda
-
the cori cycle
-
the acetyl CoA cycle
-
the plasma cycle
-
cycle against suicide
-
glucose cycle
Questão 33
Questão
What cannon be used for NET glucose synthesis?
Responda
-
acetyl CoA
-
lactate
-
glycerol
-
alanine
Questão 34
Questão
What proteins from muscle are important for net glucose synthesis?
Responda
-
alanine
-
glutamine
-
asphargine
-
calamine
-
glucomine
Questão 35
Questão
When is the postabsoprtive state?
Responda
-
once you stop eating
-
after an overnight fast
-
during the fed state
-
at the end of the fed state
Questão 36
Questão
What is the early phase of starvation?
Responda
-
gluconeogenic phase
-
glycolysis phase
-
fasting phase
-
fed phase
-
hepatomatic phase
Questão 37
Questão
How long does the gluconeogenic phase last?
Responda
-
until the 2nd or 3rd day of absolute starvation
-
until the end of the 1st day of absolute starvation
-
until the 2nd or 3rd week of absolute starvation
-
until the the 7th day of absolute starvation
Questão 38
Questão
When is the period of adaptation to starvation (approx) ?
Responda
-
over the first 3 weeks
-
over the first 5 days
-
over the 1st week
-
over the first year
Questão 39
Questão
During the phase of adaptation to starvation what happens to the active thyroid hormone?
Responda
-
levels increase
-
levels decrease
-
it becomes more effective
-
it becomes less effective
Questão 40
Questão
When does the period of adapted starvation begin?
Responda
-
from 3 weeks onwards
-
from 3 days onwards
-
from 7 weeks onwards
-
from 7 days onwards
Questão 41
Questão
Initially during fasting, levels of fatty acids in the blood are...
Responda
-
Raised
-
Decreased
-
Normal
Questão 42
Questão
During fasting in the liver, fatty acid oxidation provides
Responda
-
ATP for gluconeogenis
-
ATP for glycogenolysis
-
ADP for gluconeogenis
-
ADP for glycogenolysis
Questão 43
Questão
During fasting, when ,Evelyn of ketone bodies (that are released from the liver) are high, they supply the brain, completely replacing glucose
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 44
Questão
Ketone bodies prevent...
Responda
-
Muscle wasting by decreasing protein degradation
-
Wasting of the brain by decreasing protein degradation
-
Fatty acid oxidation
-
Hunger
-
Lethargy
Questão 45
Questão
During the fasting state the pancreas released...
Responda
-
Glucagon
-
Fatty acids
-
Bile
-
Ketones
Questão 46
Questão
Basal energy requirements can be reduced by reducing production of the active thyroid hormone up to
Responda
-
25%
-
50%
-
100%
-
75%
-
10%
Questão 47
Questão
Late stage fasting occurs after...
Responda
-
3 hours
-
3 days
-
10-12 hours
-
6 hours
-
1 day
Questão 48
Questão
During late stage fasting...
Responda
-
There is little to no glycogen left
-
The body is dependent on hepatic gluconeogenesis
-
Gbuconeogensis occurs primarily from lactate glycerol and alanine
Questão 49
Questão
Which of these occur in the liver in fasting?
Responda
-
Increased glycogen degradation
-
Increased gluconeogenesis
-
Increased fatty acid oxidation
-
Increased synthesis of ketone bodies
-
Increased degradation of TAGs
Questão 50
Questão
Which of these occur in adipose tissue during fasting?
Responda
-
Carbohydrate metabolism
-
GLUT4 depressed - decreased glucose uptake
-
Increased degradation of TAG
-
Increase release of FAs
-
Decreased uptake of FAs
-
Increased FA oxidation
Questão 51
Questão
Resting muscle uses .... as a fuel source during fasting
Responda
-
Fatty acids
-
Glycogen stores
Questão 52
Questão
During fasting which of these does exercising muscle use as fuel?
Responda
-
Glycogen stores
-
Fatty acids
Questão 53
Questão
What becomes the dominant fuel source in muscle during fasting once all other sources are gone?
Responda
-
Lactate
-
TAG from adipose tissue
-
Glycogen
-
Fatty acids
Questão 54
Questão
In early fasting the brain exclusively uses...
Responda
-
Glucose
-
Ketones
-
Fatty acids
-
Proteins
Questão 55
Questão
After 2 weeks of starvation the brain uses ... as a fuel source?
Responda
-
Glucose
-
Ketones
-
Protein
-
Fatty acids
Questão 56
Questão
Which of these are true about the kidney in long term fasting?
Responda
-
Contains enzymes for gluconeogenesis including glucose 6 phosphate
-
In late fasting 50% of gluconeogenesis occurs here
-
Maintains pH balance
-
Counteracts acidosis caused by raised ketone bodies in the plasma
-
AlphaKG is used with ammonia as a substrate for gluconeogenesis
-
Glutamine is converted to alphKG
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