Questão 1
Questão
Which of these vitamins are fat soluble?
Questão 2
Questão
Where are vitamins absorbed in the digestive tract?
Questão 3
Questão
Function of liver in absorbing vitamins?
Responda
-
Bile produced here improves motility
-
bile produced here helps to absorb water soluble vitamins
-
bile produced here helps to absorb fat soluble vitamins
-
bile releases vitamins from food
Questão 4
Questão
Where does some niacin absorption occur?
Responda
-
stomach
-
mouth
-
liver
-
pancreas
Questão 5
Questão
What is absorbed in the small intestine?
Responda
-
Water soluble vitamins
-
fat soluble vitamins
Questão 6
Questão
How are water soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestine
Questão 7
Questão
How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestine?
Questão 8
Questão
Where is vitamin C absorbed?
Responda
-
in large intestine
-
stomach
-
pancreas
-
in ileum
-
liver
Questão 9
Questão
what does chewing do?
Responda
-
break apart fiber
-
break down fat
-
release vitamins
-
release enzymes
-
absorb carbohydrates
Questão 10
Questão
where is vitamin B12 absorbed?
Responda
-
ileum
-
stomach
-
large intestine
-
liver
-
pancreas
Questão 11
Questão
what is absorbed in the large intestine?
Responda
-
small amounts of vitamin K
-
large amounts of vitamin K
-
small amounts of biotin
-
large amounts of biotin
-
small amounts of pantothenic acid
-
large amounts of pantothenic acid
-
small amounts of vitamin B6
-
large amounts of vitamin B6
Questão 12
Questão
what is released by the pancreas?
Responda
-
pantothenic acid
-
vitamin C
-
digestive enzymes
-
bile
-
HCl Acid
Questão 13
Questão
Bioavailability refers to the amount of a nutrient that can be absorbed an utilized in the body
Questão 14
Questão
What affects bioavailability of vitamins?
Questão 15
Questão
Which vitamins are all co enzymes
Questão 16
Questão
What do vitamins do?
Responda
-
promote body activities
-
regulate body activities
-
enhance body secretions
-
inhibit body secretions
Questão 17
Questão
What vitamins are stored in the body?
Questão 18
Questão
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?
Responda
-
Liver
-
Fatty tissues
-
Urine
-
Stomach
-
Large intestine
Questão 19
Questão
What is the active form of thiamin in the body?
Responda
-
Thiamin pyrophosphate
-
Thiamine
-
Thyrophosphate
-
Vitamin B6
Questão 20
Questão
Function of thiamin in the body?
Responda
-
Essential to the energy-producing reactions
-
Exes tail to energy-using reactions
-
Essential to Breakdown of large molecules
-
Essential to build up of large molecules
Questão 21
Questão
Active forms of riboflavin in the body?
Questão 22
Questão
Active forms of niacin in the body?
Responda
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
-
Nicotin amide dinucleotide phosphur
-
Nicotine amide dinucleotide
Questão 23
Questão
what are folate and folacin?
Questão 24
Questão
Active form of B6 in the body?
Responda
-
Pyridoxal phosphate
-
Phosphate pyridoxal
-
Pyrimidal phosphur
-
Phosphur pyrimidal
Questão 25
Questão
Symptoms of folate deficiency
Questão 26
Questão
Some causes of neural tube defects?
Responda
-
Low folate levels
-
High folate levels
-
Genetic predisposition
-
Age
Questão 27
Questão
Spina bifida and anencephaly are two forms of neural tube defects
Questão 28
Questão
What increases blood homocysteine levels?
Responda
-
Low intake of folate
-
High intake of folate
-
Low intake of thiamin
-
High intake fo thiamin
Questão 29
Questão
What may mask the early symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Responda
-
A high intake of folate
-
A low intake of folate
-
A high intake of thiamin
-
A low intake of thiamin
Questão 30
Responda
-
1000 micrograms per day
-
1000 grams per day
-
1000 milligrams per day
-
10 grams
Questão 31
Questão
What is necessary for the maintenance of myelin?
Responda
-
Vitamin B12
-
Vitamin C
-
Vitamin D
-
Vitamin B6
-
Vitamin A
Questão 32
Questão
Which of these is not required for special handling of vitamin B12 in the digestive tract?
Responda
-
Stomach acid
-
Enzymes
-
Intrinsic factor
-
Myelin
Questão 33
Questão
What is important for the metabolism of odd-numbered fatty acids and methionine?
Questão 34
Questão
What is the active form of vitamin B12?
Responda
-
Vitamin B 6
-
Cobalmin coenzymes
-
Folic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
Questão 35
Questão
What can a vitamin B12 deficiency cause?
Questão 36
Questão
What is B12 required for?
Responda
-
Converting folate into form active for DNA synthesis
-
Converting folic acid into form active for DNA synthesis
-
Converting folic acid into form active for acid synthesis
-
Converting folate into form active for acid synthesis
Questão 37
Questão
What is the active form of vitamin C?
Responda
-
Ascorbic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
-
Retinol
-
Folic acid
-
Riboflavin
Questão 38
Questão
What is the main function of ascorbic acid?
Responda
-
Reducing agent
-
Catalyst
-
Reduces disease
-
Oxidizing agent
Questão 39
Questão
Who in the population is highest at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?
Responda
-
Patients with pernicious anemia
-
Patients with atrophied gastritis
-
Vegans
-
Someone taking high doses of folate supplements
Questão 40
Questão
*** What are some other functions of Vitamin C in the body?
Responda
-
Coenzyme for hydroxylation of prolyl-residues of collagen
-
Coenzyme for hydroxylation of lysyl-residues of collagen
-
Antioxidants preventing oxidative damage caused by free radicals
Questão 41
Responda
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidized yields 2 molecules of retinal
Questão 42
Responda
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from oxidation of retinal
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidized yields 2 molecules of retinal
Questão 43
Questão
What is retinoic acid?
Responda
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidation yields 2 molecules of retinal
Questão 44
Questão
What is Beta-Carotene?
Responda
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidation yields 2 molecules of retinal
Questão 45
Questão
Where is preformed vitamin A found?
Responda
-
In animal foods
-
In plants
-
In olive oil
-
In whole wheat bread
Questão 46
Questão
Where is provitamins A found?
Responda
-
In plants
-
In animal foods
-
In olive oil
-
In whole wheat bread
Questão 47
Questão
What are preformed vitamin A
Questão 48
Questão
What are provitamins A compounds?
Questão 49
Questão
what can vitamin A deficiency cause?
Responda
-
Light blindness
-
Weak bones
-
Macrocyclic anaemia
-
Fat retention
Questão 50
Questão
What is cholecalciferol made in the skin from?
Responda
-
Cholesterol
-
Action of sunlight
-
Vitamin A
-
Amino acids
Questão 51
Questão
What is cholecalciferol the active form of?
Responda
-
Vitamin D
-
Vitamin C
-
Vitamin A
-
Vitamin E
Questão 52
Questão
What does vitamin D do in the body?
Responda
-
Maintains blood levels of calcium and phosphorus for bone health
-
Maintains normal function of parathyroid gland and the immune system
-
Prenevts certain types of cancer and heart disease
-
Protects against free radicals
Questão 53
Questão
What is the only form of Vitamin E that can meet human needs?
Responda
-
Alpha-tocopherol
-
Beta-tocopherol
-
Gamma-tocopherol
-
Delta-tocopherol
Questão 54
Questão
What is the main source of alpha-tocopherol?
Responda
-
Sunflower seeds
-
White rice
-
Lentils
-
Milk
Questão 55
Questão
*** what is synthetic alpha-tocopherol made of?
Questão 56
Questão
Where is most vitamin E then in the body?
Responda
-
Liver
-
Spleen
-
Stomach
-
Intestines
Questão 57
Questão
What delivers vitamin E to the tissues in the body?
Responda
-
Lipoproteins
-
Catalysts
-
Carrier enzymes
-
Amalase
-
Lipase
Questão 58
Questão
What does vitamin E function primarily as?
Responda
-
A fat soluble antioxidant
-
A water soluble antioxidant
-
A fat soluble reducing agent
-
A water soluble reducing agent
Questão 59
Questão
**** What is absorbed vitamin E incorporated into?
Responda
-
Chylomicrons
-
Ascorbic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
Questão 60
Questão
What is vitamin E necessary for?
Responda
-
Reproductive function
-
Bone structure
-
Breakdown of fat
-
Kidney function
Questão 61
Questão
What does vitamin E protect?
Responda
-
Unsaturated fatty acid cells in cell membranes
-
Saturated fatty acid cells in cell membrane
-
Phospholipids in cell membrane
-
Free radicals in cell membranes
Questão 62
Questão
How does Vitamin E protect the cell membrane?
Questão 63
Questão
*** What can consumption in excess of fat soluble vitamins do?
Questão 64
Questão
*** What is riobflavin essential for?
Questão 65
Questão
*** What is niacin essential to?
Responda
-
Energy producing and synthesis reactions
-
Just energy producing reactions
-
Just energy synthesis reactions
Questão 66
Questão
Which of these vitamins are water soluble?
Questão 67
Questão
Label the molecules
Questão 68
Questão
A metabolite of tryptophan can also be used in synthesis of NAD+
Questão 69
Questão
Biotin in the body is important for ...
Questão 70
Questão
The active form of biotin is a coenzyme that adds COOH to molecules
Questão 71
Questão
Pantothenic acid in the body is needed for...
Responda
-
Synthesis of fatty acids
-
Synthesis of cholesterol
-
Energy production
Questão 72
Questão
The active form of pantothenic acid is...
Questão 73
Questão
Label the forms of vitamin B 6
Responda
-
pyridoxal
-
pyridoxal phosphate
-
pyridoxamine
-
pyridoxine
-
isoniazid
Questão 74
Questão
An isoniazid-anti TB drug can induce vitamin B6 deficiency by forming an inactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate.
Questão 75
Questão
Vitamin B6 in the body is important for...
Questão 76
Questão
Folate coenzymes are needed in the body for...
Responda
-
Transferring chemical groups containing a single carbon atom
-
Synthesis of DNA
-
Metabolism of some amino acids
-
Metabolism of fatty acids
-
Energy production
Questão 77
Questão
Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that higher dietary folate intake and blood folate levels are associated with higher risks of certain cancers
Questão 78
Questão
Choline is needed ....
Responda
-
To synthesize a number of important molecules
-
As a source of carbon atoms
-
For energy synthesis
-
For metabolism of fatty acids
Questão 79
Questão
Vitamin A effects cell differentiation through its effect of gene expression
Questão 80
Questão
Vitamin K has 2 forms...
Responda
-
Phylloquinone - found in plants
-
Menaquinone - found in fish oils and meats
-
Menaquinone - can be synthesized by bacteria
-
Phylloquinone x can be synthesized in bacteria
Questão 81
Questão
Vitamin K can be used in the body for ...