12854851
Descrição
Quiz por Jessica Bulley, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Jessica Bulley
mais de 6 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
Fungi differ from animals by having a cell wall
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 2
Questão
Mycoses is the incorrect term for diseases caused by fungi
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 3
Questão
Select the Four correct statements about Fungi
Responda
-
Eucaryote
-
Prokaryote
-
Unicellular/multicellular
-
Reproduction -yeast by sexual (blastospores)
-
Reproduction -yeast by budding (blastospores)
-
Moulds - asexual or/and sexual spores
-
Moulds - by budding
Questão 4
Questão
Fungi are Prokaryotes
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
Select the Three perfect growth conditions of Fungi
Responda
-
Acidic pH (4-6)
-
Tolerate high salt
-
Tolerate low salt
-
Aerobic
-
Anaerobic
-
Acidic pH (2-3)
Questão 6
Questão
There are over 100,00 species of Fungi only ....
Responda
-
200 cause disease
-
400 cause disease
Questão 7
Questão
A Saprophyte is a
Responda
-
a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.
-
a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on live organic matter
Questão 8
Questão
A Dermatophyte is a pathogenic fungus that grows on skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails, feathers, and other body surfaces, causing ringworm and related diseases.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 9
Questão
[blank_start]Parasitic fungi[blank_end] are the second largest group, of whose members do a lot of serious damage. Rather than obtaining their food from dead animals or plants, they prefer a living host, often attacking and killing, it then living on as a [blank_start]saprophytic fungi[blank_end].
Responda
-
Parasitic fungi
-
saprophytic fungi
Questão 10
Questão
If an [blank_start]obligate parasite[blank_end] cannot obtain a host it will fail to reproduce. This is opposed to a [blank_start]facultative parasite[blank_end], which can act as a parasite but does not rely on its host to continue its life-cycle.
Responda
-
obligate parasite
-
facultative parasite
Questão 11
Questão
- A [blank_start]Dermatophyte[blank_end] is a pathogenic fungus that grows on skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails, feathers, and other body surfaces, causing ringworm and related diseases.
- A [blank_start]Saprophyte[blank_end] is a a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.
- [blank_start]Parasitic fungi[blank_end] are the second largest group, of whose members do a lot of serious damage. Rather than obtaining their food from dead animals or plants, they prefer a living host, often attacking and killing, it then living on as a saprophytic fungi.
- A [blank_start]facultative parasite[blank_end] is an organism that may resort to parasitic activity, but does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of its life cycle.
Responda
-
Dermatophyte
-
Saprophyte
-
Parasitic fungi
-
facultative parasite
Questão 12
Questão
1. [blank_start]Moulds[blank_end] - mycelial growth made of branching tubular filaments called hyphae
2. [blank_start]True Yeasts[blank_end] - unicellular
3. [blank_start]Yeast[blank_end]- like Fungi (yeast or short filament)
4. [blank_start]Dimorphic Fungi[blank_end] - yeast or mycelial depending on environment
Responda
-
Moulds
-
True Yeasts
-
Yeast
-
Dimorphic Fungi
Questão 13
Responda
-
Moulds
-
Yeast
Questão 14
Responda
-
True Yeast
-
Mould
Questão 15
Questão
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 16
Responda
-
Yeast-like Fungi
-
True Fungi
Questão 17
Questão
[blank_start]Yeast-like[blank_end] fungi grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae. The latter form a pseudomycelium.
Responda
-
Yeast-like
-
True
Questão 18
Questão
[blank_start]Dimorphic[blank_end] fungi are those fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form) depending on environmental conditions, physiological conditions of the fungus or the genetic characteristics.
Responda
-
Dimorphic
-
Yeast-like
Questão 19
Responda
-
Dimorphic
-
True yeast
Questão 20
Questão
- [blank_start]Dimorphic[blank_end] fungi are those fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form) depending on environmental conditions, physiological conditions of the fungus or the genetic characteristics.
- [blank_start]Yeast like[blank_end] fungi grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae. The latter form a pseudomycelium.
- [blank_start]True Yeasts[blank_end] are fungi that grow as single cells, producing daughter cells either by budding (the budding yeasts) or by binary fission (the fission yeasts). They differ from most fungi, which grow as thread-like hyphae.
- A [blank_start]Mould[blank_end] is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae.
Responda
-
Dimorphic
-
Yeast like
-
True Yeasts
-
Mould
Questão 21
Responda
-
Yeast
-
Mould
Questão 22
Responda
-
Mould
-
Yeast
Questão 23
Questão
Fungi Growth Requirements - select four
Responda
-
Aerobic
-
Anaerobic
-
Moist
-
Dry
-
Acidic pH (4 -6)
-
Acidic pH (2 -3 )
-
Temperature 25 - 30ºC
-
Temperature 35 - 40ºC
Questão 24
Questão
Sabouraud's agar is the perfect media to culture
Responda
-
Fungi
-
Bacteria
Questão 25
Questão
Sabouraud's agar has a
Responda
-
Acidic pH and high sugar concentration
-
Base pH and low sugar concentration
Questão 26
Questão
Fungal reproduction:
[blank_start]Yeast[blank_end] - budding
[blank_start]Moulds[blank_end] - asexual/sexual
Responda
-
Yeast
-
Moulds
Questão 27
Questão
- [blank_start]Binary fission[blank_end] is a simple reproduction method which involves mitosis followed by the splitting of a parent individual.
- [blank_start]Budding[blank_end] is a is a when the parent individually produces a smaller individual known as a ‘bud’ by mitotic cell division. This individual is attached to its parent individual and eventually becomes detached from its parent individual.
Responda
-
Binary fission
-
Budding
Questão 28
Questão
Asexual spores of fungi:
• [blank_start]Sporangiospores[blank_end] – Spores inside sac called sporangium
• [blank_start]Chlamydospores[blank_end] – Spores within thickened cell wall of hyphae
• [blank_start]Conidiospores[blank_end] (Conidia) – naked spores in chains at hyphal tip
• [blank_start]Arthrospores[blank_end] – fragmentation of hyphae
• [blank_start]Blastospores[blank_end] – Form as buds
Responda
-
Sporangiospores
-
Chlamydospores
-
Conidiospores
-
Arthrospores
-
Blastospores
Questão 29
Questão
Select the correct type of asexual spores of fungi:
Responda
-
Sporangiospore - Spores inside sac called sporangium
-
Chlamydospores - Spores within thickened cell wall of hyphae
Questão 30
Responda
-
Conidiospores - naked spores in chains at hyphal tip
-
Arthrospores – fragmentation of hyphae
Questão 31
Questão
Select the correct asexual type of asexual reproduction
Responda
-
Arthrospore - fragmentation of hyphae
-
Conidiospores (Conidia) – naked spores in chains at hyphal tip
Questão 32
Questão
Stages of sexual spore formation
• Mating types designated as “+” and “-”
1. Cells of + thallus and – thallus fuse [blank_start](Dikaryotic stage)[blank_end]
2. After several hours / years/ centuries nuclei fuse [blank_start](diploid stage)[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Meiosis[blank_end] of nucleus restores haploid state
4. [blank_start]Haploid[blank_end] nucleus partitioned into + and - spores
Responda
-
(Dikaryotic stage)
-
(diploid stage)
-
Meiosis
-
Haploid
Questão 33
Questão
Select the Three classifications of Fungal Sexual Reproduction
Responda
-
Zygomycota (Zygospores, Zygosporangia)
-
Basidiomycota (Basidiospores)
-
Ascomycota (Ascospores)
-
Sporangiospores
Questão 34
Questão
Tinea is caused by
Responda
-
Dermatophytes
-
Saprophyte
Questão 35
Questão
Select Two different conditions caused by Dermatophycoses
Responda
-
TInea
-
RIngworm
-
Histoblasmosis
Questão 36
Questão
Tinea is caused by Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 37
Questão
[blank_start]Sporotrichosis[blank_end] is a [blank_start]sub-[blank_end]cutaneous disease caused by the infection of the fungus [blank_start]Sporothrix schenckii[blank_end]. It is usually introduced by thorn pricks or wood splinters
Responda
-
Sporotrichosis
-
Dermatophycoses
-
Sporothrix schenckii
-
Trichophyton rubrum
-
sub-
-
non-
Questão 38
Questão
Systemic mycoses are fungal infections affecting internal organs.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 39
Questão
Select the Four different types of Systemic mycoses
Responda
-
Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)
-
Paracoccidoidomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
-
Coccidiodomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)
-
Blastomycosis (B. dermatitidis)
-
Sporothrix schenckii
Questão 40
Questão
Systemic Mycoses generally start from lung infection to spread to other areas of body.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 41
Questão
Candidosis, crytococcosis and pneumosystis pneumonia are diseases caused by opportunistic fungi. True or false?
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 42
Questão
25% of worlds food is contaminated with mycotoxins, why don't they generally cause disease?
Responda
-
rarely at dangerous levels
-
insufficient growth and environmental factors
Questão 43
Questão
Select the Five General Properties of Viruses
Responda
-
Obligate intracellular parasite
-
Host specific
-
Size 10- 300 or 400 nm
-
Genetic material either DNA or RNA
-
Unable to grow on synthetic media
-
Extracellular parasite
-
Non-host specific
-
Able to grow on synthetic media
Questão 44
Questão
Differences of DNA and RNA:
RNA -
- RNA has a [blank_start]ribose[blank_end] sugar
- RNA nucleotides have a [blank_start]uracil[blank_end] base
DNA-
- DNA has a [blank_start]deoxyribose[blank_end] sugar
- DNA nucleotides have a [blank_start]thymine[blank_end] base
Responda
-
ribose
-
uracil
-
deoxyribose
-
thymine
Questão 45
Questão
The classification of viruses is used via the Baltimore Scheme (based on nucleic acid)
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 46
Questão
The Baltimore scheme has 6 different types of classifications
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 47
Responda
-
Class 6 - ss RNA positive sense with ds DNA intermediate before replication (retroviruses)
-
Class 1, double stranded DNA (ds DNA)
Questão 48
Questão
The Baltimore Classification System is a scheme for classifying viruses based on the type of genome and its replication strategy.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 49
Questão
Select the definition of a Class 1 virus
Responda
-
A double stranded DNA virus enters the host nucleus before it begins to replicate. It makes use of the host polymerases to replicate its genome, and is therefore highly dependent on the host cell cycle.
-
Most ssDNA viruses have circular genomes and replicate mostly within the nucleus by a rolling circle mechanism.
Questão 50
Questão
Select the correct definition of a Class 2 virus
Responda
-
are ssDNA which forma double stranded DNA intermediate during replication and this intermediate is used for transcription.
-
double stranded virus
Questão 51
Questão
Class 3 Virus is a double stranded RNA which replicates in the core capsid
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 52
Questão
Class 4 virus is a
Responda
-
+ssRNA Virus
-
-ssDNA VIrus
Questão 53
Questão
Class 5 virus is a
Responda
-
-ssRNA virus
-
double strand DNA virus
Questão 54
Questão
Class 6 virus is a
Responda
-
+ss RNA with ds DNA intermediate before replication (retroviruses)
-
double stranded DNA (ds DNA)
Questão 55
Questão
Class 7 virus is a
Responda
-
ds DNA with positive sense, part ss DNA, with ss RNA intermediate (reversiviruses)
-
single stranded DNA (ss DNA)
Questão 56
Questão
A - [blank_start]Spikes (projections)[blank_end]
B - [blank_start]Envelope (membrane)[blank_end]
C - [blank_start]Capsid (protein coat)[blank_end]
D - [blank_start]Capsomeres (capsid subunits)[blank_end]
E - [blank_start]Nucleic acid[blank_end]
Image:
Virion (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
-
Spikes (projections)
-
Envelope (membrane)
-
Capsid (protein coat)
-
Capsomeres (capsid subunits)
-
Nucleic acid
Questão 57
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 58
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 59
Questão
Most human viral infections are caused by viruses that have [blank_start]iscosahedral[blank_end] or helicalsymmetries.
Responda
-
iscosahedral
-
complex
Questão 60
Responda
-
Filamentous
-
Iscosahedral
Questão 61
Responda
-
Isocahedral
-
Helical
Questão 62
Questão
Helical or Eolyhedral are enveloped
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 63
Questão
The Capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 64
Questão
Class 1 - [blank_start]D[blank_end]
Class 2 - [blank_start]A[blank_end]
Class 3 - [blank_start]E[blank_end]
Class 4 - [blank_start]F[blank_end]
Class 5 - [blank_start]B[blank_end]
Class 6 - [blank_start]C[blank_end]
Class 7 - [blank_start]G[blank_end]
Responda
-
D
-
A
-
E
-
F
-
B
-
C
-
G
Questão 65
Questão
Viral replication process:
1. [blank_start]Attachment[blank_end] – To host cell via specific receptor on cell membrane
2. [blank_start]Penetration[blank_end] – Entry into host cell (internalization)
– “Uncoats” – shedding protein shell
3. [blank_start]Replication of viral genome[blank_end] – This varies between viral types
– production of viral mRNA
– Production of early viral proteins
4. [blank_start]Production[blank_end] of late viral proteins (structural)
5. [blank_start]Assembly[blank_end] of the progeny virions
6. [blank_start]Release[blank_end] of virions from cell (budding or lysis)
Responda
-
Attachment
-
Penetration
-
Replication of viral genome
-
Production
-
Assembly
-
Release
Questão 66
Questão
Viruses cause disease by two mechanisms:
Responda
-
Replication within the host cell leading to direct damage of the cell
-
Host defenses leads to cell damage as it attempt to clear the virus infected cells
-
Replication within the host cell via lysis or budding
Questão 67
Questão
Replication within the host cell leading to direct damage of the cell does not cause disease via this mechanism
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 68
Questão
Host defenses leads to cell damage as it attempt to clear the virus infected cells is a disease causing mechanism
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 69
Questão
A teratogen is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 70
Questão
A [blank_start]teratogen[blank_end] is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus.
Responda
-
teratogen
-
oncogenic
Questão 71
Questão
Select the Six types of Viral Infections
Responda
-
Teratogenic
-
Oncogenic
-
Chronic
-
Severe
-
Latent
-
Mild
-
Acute
-
Contageous
Questão 72
Questão
In latent infections, overt disease is not produced, but the virus is not eradicated.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 73
Questão
Select the correct statement about Arthropod-borne diseases
Responda
-
Humans contract arthropod-borne diseases when a pathogen, such as a bacteria or virus, is transmitted from its reservoir (natural host) to a human via the arthropod vector.
-
Arthropod-borne diseases are a type of persistent viral infection which is distinguished from a chronic viral infection.
Questão 74
Questão
Select the Six viral modes of transmission
Responda
-
Physical contact - direct or indirect
-
Intra-placental
-
Direct inoculation
-
Arthropod-borne
-
Food-borne
-
Air-borne
-
Abiogenesis
Questão 75
Questão
Select the Six different types of Viral control and eradication:
Responda
-
Heat
-
Vaccines
-
Anti-viral drugs
-
UV
-
Disinfectants
-
Ether
-
Anti-biotics
-
Vit. C
Questão 76
Questão
Select the Five methods of viral diagnosis
Responda
-
Nucleic acid detection (PCR)
-
Isolation of virus – cell cultures, animal culture
-
Serological tests (blood samples)
-
Fluorescent microscopy
-
Electron Microscopy
-
Light microscope
-
Dip stick
Questão 77
Questão
Insidious Infections: Something that is insidious is unpleasant or dangerous and develops gradually without being noticed.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 78
Questão
Select Three correct statements regarding Prions
Responda
-
Contain no genetic material
-
Can arise spontaneously through mutation, but can also be transferred by consumption of infected nervous tissue
-
Proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly
-
Contain genetic materia
-
Uncontrolled multiplication of regular proteins
Questão 79
Questão
Prion is a shortened term for
Responda
-
Proteinaceous Infectious Particle
-
Proteineous Infected Particle
-
Protein Abnormality Particle
Questão 80
Questão
What are the names for Roundworms?
Responda
-
Nematodes
-
Cestodia
Questão 81
Questão
What is the correct name for flatworms?
Responda
-
Platyhelminths
-
Nematodes
Questão 82
Questão
The general term for worms are called [blank_start]Helminths[blank_end]
Flatworms are called [blank_start]Platyhelminths[blank_end]
Roundworms are called [blank_start]Nematodes[blank_end]
Responda
-
Helminths
-
Platyhelminths
-
Nematodes
Questão 83
Questão
Trichinella spiralis is found in which meat?
Responda
-
pork
-
lamb
-
chicken
Questão 84
Questão
What is the common name for 'Cestodia'?
Responda
-
Roundworms
-
Flatworms
-
Tapeworms
Questão 85
Questão
Tichinella spiralis, Ascaris lumbicoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms are a type of what?
Responda
-
Nematodes (roundworms)
-
Platyhelminths (flat worms)
Questão 86
Questão
Trematodia (liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica) and Cestodia (tapeworm, Taenia sp) are a type of ...
Responda
-
Platyhelminths (flat worms)
-
Nematodes (round worms)
Questão 87
Questão
Platyhelminths are roundworms
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 88
Questão
Why are nematodes (roundworms) infections so common?
Responda
-
Contaminated hands and Trichinella spiralis most notorious in food (pork)
-
Contaminated hands and Trichinella spiralis most notorious in food (fish)
Questão 89
Questão
Select Four symptoms of Malaria
Responda
-
fever
-
nausea
-
headache
-
chills
-
swelling
-
salivating
Questão 90
Questão
Malaria causes symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea and headache, what is the reason for this?
Responda
-
Lysis (bursting) of RBC
-
Lymphatic system is damaged
Questão 91
Questão
What is the main route of infection for parasites?
Responda
-
faecal oral transmission via water, contaminated hands
-
IV
Questão 92
Questão
Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis are what type of helminth?
Responda
-
Nematodes
-
Platyhelminths
Questão 93
Questão
How do you detect Nematodes?
Responda
-
Detect eggs in faeces (diagnosis)
-
Blood sample (diagnosis)
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